D

　　Freedom and Responsibility

　　Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.

　　Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

　　In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.

The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.

　　But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.

　　What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business

　　possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.

　　There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.

　　But, “the excellent becomes the permanent,"Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government."No doubt he had not an idea that he was

　　speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.

　　65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies"in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A. Countries where their people need help.

　　B. Powerful states with higher civilization.

　　C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.

　　D. Governments ruled with absolute power.

　　66. People believing in freedom are those who .

　　A. regard their life as their own business

　　B. seek gains as their primary object

　　C. behave within the laws and value systems

　　D. treat others with kindness and pity

　　67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?

　　A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.

　　B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.

　　C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.

　　D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.

　　68. What does the sentence “There could be only one result."in Paragraph 5 mean?

　　A. Athens would continue to be free.

　　B. Athens would cease to have freedom.

　　C. Freedom would come from responsibility.

　　D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.

　　69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?

　　A. The author is hopeful about freedom.

　　B. The author is cautious about self-government.

　　C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.

　　D. The author is proud of man's capacity.

　　70. What is the author's understanding of freedom?

　　A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.

　　B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.

　　C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.

　　D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.

　　第四部分: 任務(wù)型閱讀(共10 小題; 每小題1 分, 滿分10 分)

　　請閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個踿踿最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

　　注意: 請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.

　　For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

　　In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science,

　　education, and health.

　　News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh

　　understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.

　　News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value."It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.

　　For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A

　　politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

　　第五部分: 書面表達(滿分25 分)

　　81. 請閱讀下面文字及圖表,并按照要求用英語寫一篇150 詞左右的文章。

　　寫作內(nèi)容

　　1. 用約30 個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容; 2. 結(jié)合上述信息,簡要分析導(dǎo)致交通問題的主要原因; 3. 根據(jù)你的分析,從社會規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點)。

　　寫作要求

　　1. 寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句;

　　2. 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱;

　　3. 不必寫標題。

　　評分標準

　　內(nèi)容完整,語言規(guī)范,語篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當。

　　參考答案

　　第一部分(共20 小題;每小題1 分,共20 分) 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. B

　　11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C

　　第二部分(共35 小題;每小題1 分,共35 分) 21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A

　　31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B

　　41. A 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. C

　　51. B 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. C

　　第三部分(共15 小題;每小題2 分,共30 分) 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. D 61. D 62. B 63. C 64. A 65. D

　　66. C 67. A 68. B 69. A 70. D

　　第四部分(共10 小題;每小題1 分,共10 分) 71. rewards/rewarded 72. Explanations 73. involvement 74. share

　　75. threat 76. prepare 77. withdraw 78. profession(s)/intention

　　79. adapt 80. depends

　　第五部分(滿分25 分)

　　One possible version:

　　The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.

　　Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.www.2abc8.com

　　In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don't secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody's duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.

　　(150 words)