高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧

時(shí)間：2017-06-06 14:56:40 德豪21由分享

　　短文改錯(cuò)是高考的必考題型,一般其題目難度不大。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧的內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡!

　　高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧

　　1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;

　　2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài);

　　3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法;

　　4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;

　　5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;

　　6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;

　　7.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;

　　8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。

　　短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則：

　　改動(dòng)以最少為原則;

　　虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;

　　實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則

　　以保持句子原意為原則。

　　短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟：

　　通讀全文，掌握大意; 整句分析，逐行推敲

　　反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)：

　　1.核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個(gè)，缺詞1個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。

　　2.核對(duì)改正的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。

　　3.核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無(wú)遺漏符號(hào)，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問(wèn)題。

　　短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤類型：

　　1. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有

　?、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;

　?、赼nd前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;

　　③主謂不一致;

　?、苋鄙賱?dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;

　　⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;

　?、拗鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。

　　Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do，錯(cuò)誤類型屬于①)

　　As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯(cuò)誤類型屬于②)

　　Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于④)

　　Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were，錯(cuò)誤類型屬于③)

　　2. 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。

　　I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects)

　　Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)

　　3. 連詞錯(cuò)誤連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)系

　　who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

　　I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式，改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為and)

　　Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)

　　4. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)判定);

　　誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the，thesame 是固定搭配)

　　Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)

　　5. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤：系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞

　　(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。

　　I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)

　　6. 代詞錯(cuò)誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯(cuò)誤;反身代詞

　　(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。

　　Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改為myself)

　　One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)

　　If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s)

　　What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)

　　7. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));

　　介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。

　　Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞，talk改為talking)

　　But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)改為going)

　　Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，read改為reading)

　　Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)

　　8. 介詞錯(cuò)誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用

　　Thereare too many people among my family. (among改為in，in myfamily 為固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引導(dǎo)從句)

　　提高完形填空題的技巧

　　第一，答題時(shí)間可以長(zhǎng)達(dá)15~18分鐘，考生在訓(xùn)練時(shí)可以控制時(shí)間。

　　第二，一定要用2~3分鐘的時(shí)間進(jìn)行缺詞的情況下的整體閱讀，弄清楚文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再逐個(gè)填空。不要只是大致瀏覽，而是一定要理清文章脈絡(luò)。

　　第三，細(xì)讀首句。完形填空題的首句不設(shè)空，一般是文章的中心句。

　　第四，答題時(shí)，不要盯著選項(xiàng)看。真正需要考生一一分析選項(xiàng)的考點(diǎn)只有詞匯辨析題。

　　·實(shí)例解讀·

　　(2011年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life， a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago.

　　The professor 2 the lecture hall， placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆)， and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin， dry smile， announced the 5 answer， and went on saying， \"You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”

　　Twenty years later， the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself， perhaps， as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible(無(wú)形的)to the 11 ， which can be discovered only through scientific 12 。 But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world 。And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 。 The professor， however， said that it was 17 。 He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代)。 "I remember feeling small and 19 。” The woman says， "and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon， and I haven’t gone near science since.”

　　◆上下文 1.A.art B.history C. science D. math

　　■詞匯辨析2.A.searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into(步入)

　　◆上下文 3.A.count B. guess C. report D. watch

　　◆上下文 4.A.warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to

　　▲常識(shí)推理5.A.ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult

　　●固定搭配6.A.1earned B. prepared C. taught D. taken

　　◆上下文 7.A.1ose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken

　　◆上下文 8.A.1ecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman

　　●固定搭配9.A.described B. respected C. saw D. served

　　■詞匯辨析10.A.voyage B. movement C. change D. rush

　　▲常識(shí)推理 11.A. professor B.eye C.knowledge D.light

　　■詞匯辨析12.A.model B.senses C.spirit D.methods