2021北京卷高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析（文字版）

英語(yǔ)作文很重要的是背范文，英語(yǔ)閱讀的時(shí)候需要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，給自己足夠的分析能給力，才能讀懂句子表達(dá)的意思。下面是小編為大家整理的2021北京卷高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析，希望對(duì)您有所幫助!

2021北京卷高考英語(yǔ)試題

2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試

北京卷·英語(yǔ)

本試卷共11頁(yè)，共100分.考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘.考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回.

第一部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.

Recently，I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.The woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.

As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 .The woman looked over at the man.He was still staring at her.She looked back at him with fire in her eyes.I was beginning to get 4 ，too.

The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep.A moment later，he began to 6 the half-open window—one leg went over it.The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.

The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be in 9 ，and then reality dawned (顯現(xiàn)).“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. .“So I have been watching the whole time.”The woman was 10 ，and so was I.

1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring

2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved

3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest

4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed

5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even

6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push

7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked

8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise

9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain

10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答.

A

Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure，and they have diverse 11 (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dream.

B

Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主)，and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home 14 a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 (safe) wait for the police to take her home.

C

There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019，there were7,348 major natural disasters around the world， 19 (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20 (invest)in disaster prevention.

第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.

A

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship(實(shí)習(xí)) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.

Who can apply?

l You have completed your full-time university studies;or

l You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.

l Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.

What are the requirements?

l You must be at least 20 years old.

l You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.

l You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.

l You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.

l You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.

What do you need to prepare?

l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas.

l Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.

l Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid(有效的)in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period.

l Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.

l Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected，you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful.

21. According to this passage，applicants are required to_________.

A. hold a master's degree in science

B. have international work experience

C. be fluent in either English or French

D. present a letter from a technical institution

22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?

A. Limited medical insurance coverage.

B. Training in communication skills.

C. A medical certificate for work.

D. Financial support for travel.

23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form?

A. Contact UNESCO managers. B. Get access to the database.

C. Keep a motivation letter at hand. D. Work in a team for six months.

B

I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(學(xué)期) project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.

Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me.After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(絕望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child.

The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.

In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten.With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.

24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?

A. It would affect his/her initial plans.

B. It would involve traveling overseas.

C. It would not bring him/her a good grade.

D. It would not live up to his/her expectations.

25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?

A. Images of Iraqi children. B. Research by his/her classmates.

C. A teacher's introduction. D. A representative's comments.

26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to__________..

A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education

C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children

27. What can we conclude from this passage?

A. One's potential cannot always be underrated.

B. First impression cannot always be trusted.

C. Actions speak louder than words.

D. He who hesitates is lost.

C

Hundreds of scientists，writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as“a credible scenario(情景) this century”.

A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapse.Of course，if you are a non-human species，collapse is well underway.

The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.Not very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.

The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories(簽署者)of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Johnson said in an email.

Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hope to reduce their“speed，severity and harm”.And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote，

Man is a victim of dope (麻醉品)

In the incurable form of hope.

The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(執(zhí)著) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse，”hey say，“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”

28. What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Scientific. B. Credible.

C. Original. D. Relevant.

29. As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is__________.

A. worried B. puzzled

C. surprised D. scared

30. What can we learn from this passage?

A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.

B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.

C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.

D. The global collapse is well underway.

D

Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.

Forget about time as an absolute.What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(節(jié)奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate(調(diào)節(jié))our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(時(shí)間框架)，and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.

31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.

B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.

C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.

D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.

32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to__________.

A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument

C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach

33. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.

B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems..

C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.

D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.

34. What can we infer from this passage?

A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.

B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.

C. We should live in harmony with nature.

D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).

Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 35 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

36 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels.This, of course, can lead to less pain.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health，there is speculation (推測(cè)) that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 38 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.

A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.

B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.

C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.

D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.

E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.

F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.

G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.

第三部分 書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)

第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答.

Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.

There is a difference between arguing and fighting.Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up(激起) anger.Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out.Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health.In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row.When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity (情緒反應(yīng)) of those who avoided an argument.Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions.In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half.One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.

Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument.This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.

It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.

40. According to this passage，what is arguing?

41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.

Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.

43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? (In about 40 words)

第二節(jié)(20分)

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華.你和英國(guó)好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴約.請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.表達(dá)歉意并說(shuō)明原因;

2.提出建議并給出理由.

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù).

Dear Jim，

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

2021北京卷高考英語(yǔ)答案解析

英語(yǔ)參考答案

第一部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30 分)

第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B

6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

11 ideas 12.that 13.connects 14.on 15.where

16.safely 17.has been 18.caused 19.resulting 20.to invest

第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.A

26.B 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.B

31.B 32.D 33.C 34.C

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)

35.F 36.B 37.D 38.G 39.E

第三部分 書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)

第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)

40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party.

41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.

42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.

Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.

43.略.

第二節(jié)(20分)

范文：

Dear Jim，

I'm sorry that I won't be able to go hiking with you this Saturday.

I began to cough yesterday morning，so I went to see a doctor.She told me it was a bad cold，and I would have to stay at home for a few days.

I'd really like to spend some time with you.Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday? It's one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter Olympics.Please let me know what you think.

Again，I'm sorry about the inconvenience.

Hope to hear from you soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

高考英語(yǔ)各題型的難點(diǎn)是什么

一、聽力：

英語(yǔ)聽力的難點(diǎn)在于第一節(jié)只放一遍聽力材料，只有一次機(jī)會(huì)抓取關(guān)鍵信息;同時(shí)，聽力第二節(jié)會(huì)存在陷阱，一定要在聽完整段材料以后再選答案，不能只聽一半就想當(dāng)然。

二、閱讀：

英語(yǔ)閱讀的難點(diǎn)主要在于主旨大意題非?？疾鞂W(xué)生的總結(jié)歸納能力，其混淆選項(xiàng)也是考生失分的重災(zāi)區(qū);英語(yǔ)閱讀的細(xì)節(jié)理解題也非?？疾鞂W(xué)生的信息定位和查找能力，考生需要注意用時(shí)和定位的準(zhǔn)確性。

三、七選五：

七選五非常考察考生的英語(yǔ)快速歸納和信息甄辨能力，回顧檢查的難度也較大，而且一道題錯(cuò)的話就至少會(huì)有兩道題錯(cuò)。

四、英語(yǔ)完形填空：

綜合能力要求較高，考察詞匯量和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)較多，需要從語(yǔ)境中推斷關(guān)鍵信息

五、語(yǔ)法填空：

考察的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)較多，需要考生自己從上下文找到相關(guān)的線索，同時(shí)，短文填空需要自己填寫單詞/單詞變體，考察考生的單詞拼寫

六、英語(yǔ)寫作：

近年新高考改革，作文變成了兩道題，題量變大，同時(shí)增加了話題的靈活性，增加了續(xù)寫的新題型，英語(yǔ)寫作難度提升。

高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該怎樣學(xué)習(xí)

1、每天早讀課背單詞，背筆記，以及相關(guān)單詞的詞組。高三英語(yǔ)其實(shí)主要是背單詞，首先把高考的三千五百詞全看一遍，然后再分首字母記憶。估計(jì)想要記住這些單詞，可能需要花二個(gè)月的早讀課。記住這些單詞的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看到這個(gè)單詞你就能說(shuō)出它的中文意思。只要有了一些單詞的積累，立馬就能做閱讀理解題了。

2、重視英語(yǔ)寫作能力的訓(xùn)練。為了提高作文水平，高三的同學(xué)應(yīng)該記熟詞英語(yǔ)匯短語(yǔ)，掌握寫作的基本句型，包括簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型。當(dāng)能夠較好地掌握這幾種簡(jiǎn)單句之后應(yīng)適當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)化并列句，復(fù)合句。為了更好地給文章潤(rùn)色，還可以適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用英語(yǔ)高級(jí)詞匯，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，with結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，感嘆句等。

3、制定英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。制定英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃要注意四點(diǎn)：要有切實(shí)可行的目標(biāo)、要把時(shí)間充分利用起來(lái)、遵循“要事第一”原則，要落實(shí)到行動(dòng)上，鍥而舍之，朽木不折;鍥而不舍，金石可鏤。只有把好的計(jì)劃堅(jiān)持執(zhí)行下去，才能在學(xué)習(xí)中有所體現(xiàn)。

高考英語(yǔ)聽力學(xué)習(xí)策略

1、聽力工具與聽力訓(xùn)練方法

對(duì)于英語(yǔ)聽力，再好的方法，再好的工具如自己不多去聽，都起不到作用;聽力工具，我們可以選擇復(fù)讀機(jī)或電腦上的一些聽力軟件。

2、英語(yǔ)單詞是聽力的基礎(chǔ)

詞匯的積累是提高英語(yǔ)聽力水平的基礎(chǔ)，提到背單詞很多同學(xué)都很反感。經(jīng)常會(huì)聽到同學(xué)說(shuō)“我每天都背單詞，可是我當(dāng)時(shí)記住了，過(guò)不了多久就忘了，我忘了一遍又一遍，也記了一遍又一遍，反反復(fù)復(fù)，但是考試時(shí)效果還是不好，這個(gè)問(wèn)題有解嗎?”這個(gè)問(wèn)題最直接的解決辦法就是不斷的重復(fù)記憶，只有不斷重復(fù)記憶，才能加深印象不容易忘記。

3、英語(yǔ)閱讀與聽力練習(xí)比重相同

閱讀應(yīng)與聽力練習(xí)同時(shí)，同比重的進(jìn)行。很多人為提高英語(yǔ)聽力把所有時(shí)間都集中在聽力材料的練習(xí)上。我肯定的說(shuō)，這是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。我們不是生活在國(guó)外，你無(wú)論怎樣營(yíng)造，都不能有一個(gè)真正的外國(guó)的文化氛圍在你身邊，這一個(gè)已經(jīng)可以說(shuō)明只注重單一的聽力練習(xí)是錯(cuò)誤的。

另外在練習(xí)英語(yǔ)聽力的同時(shí)，要提高閱讀量，這樣才能相互促進(jìn)。詞匯量和語(yǔ)法是閱讀的關(guān)鍵，閱讀量的多少以及閱讀能力的好壞決定聽說(shuō)能力的高低，而我們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，又必須從聽說(shuō)開始。