英語非謂語動(dòng)詞語法
非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式,而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。接下來,小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語非謂語動(dòng)詞語法,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語非謂語動(dòng)詞語法
動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞,分詞,動(dòng)詞不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項(xiàng)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分詞起形容詞作用)
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿白襯衣的人嗎?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。
謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別:
2) 謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語,而非謂語動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
瑪麗教我們英語。(teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
維克托先生上周來到了我們教室和我們談話。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作狀語)
3) 謂語動(dòng)詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制,而非謂語動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜歡流行音樂。
(動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天沒什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非謂語動(dòng)詞的特征:
2 如果非謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面須跟賓語。
Studying English is my favorite.
學(xué)習(xí)英語是我的愛好。(studying 后跟賓語)
To help him is my duty.
幫助他是我的責(zé)任。(help 后跟賓語)
3 非謂語動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語太難了。
(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語)
4 非謂語動(dòng)詞仍有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
對(duì)不起讓你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
從山上看,這座城市美麗多了。
(Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式)
5 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我們的到來使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
?
這兒有兩個(gè)大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化:
不 定 式 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 to write to be written
進(jìn) 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成進(jìn)行 to have been writing /
現(xiàn)在分詞 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
過 去 分 詞 一般 written
動(dòng) 名 詞 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
動(dòng) 名 詞
動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成,同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,在句中可作主語, 賓語,表語和定語。
1) 動(dòng)名詞作主語:
Talking like that is not polite.
那樣談話不禮貌。
Learning1 from others is important .
向別人學(xué)習(xí)很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good .
多穿衣服不一定好。
動(dòng)名詞可以象動(dòng)詞不定式一樣,用 it 先行祠代替, 而把動(dòng)名詞寫在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.
在這兒等著也沒用,我們回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain.
爬這座山很困難。
2) 動(dòng)名詞作表語
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
護(hù)士的工作是護(hù)理病人。
Seeing is believing.
眼見為實(shí)。
3) 動(dòng)名詞作賓語
有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
Please stop smoking2 in the house.
請(qǐng)不要在家里抽煙。
I like reading in the forest.
我喜歡在樹林里讀書。
Do you mind my opening the windows?
你介意我打開窗戶嗎?
She is found of collecting stamp.
她喜歡集郵。
動(dòng)名詞作定語
She is studying in the reading room.
她在閱覽室學(xué)習(xí)。
He slept in the sleeping bag.
他在睡袋里睡覺。
動(dòng)名詞的否定形式:not + 動(dòng)名詞
He pretend3 not knowing it at all.
他假裝全然不知。
We considered not doing it now.
我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事 。
動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài):
動(dòng)名詞的一般時(shí) 動(dòng)名詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。
I enjoy swimming in the big river.
我喜歡在大河里游泳。
I am used to watching TV in the evening.
我習(xí)慣于晚上看電視。
動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí) 動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。
She regret not having studied the computer hard.
她后悔沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)。
Do you remember having promised me that?
你記得給我許愿了嗎?
動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式 :
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式來表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick.
他被人冷落使他很傷感。
I can't really stand being treated like that.
我簡(jiǎn)直受不了這樣的對(duì)待。
動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)特殊情況:
1) 有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語,有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式,有些兩者都可以, 它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。
能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有:
avoid, consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有:
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,
能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有:
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,
動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式,含義不相同,總的來說,表示習(xí)慣的, 一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞,一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.
我想和你一塊兒去。
I like reading.
我喜歡閱讀。
He promised to help her.
他答應(yīng)過要幫助她。
We love watching VCD.
我們喜歡看VCD。
2) remember, forget, regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí),動(dòng)名詞表示過去的動(dòng)作, 后面跟不定式時(shí),不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作。
I remember meeting him in the street.
我記得在街上見過他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents.
我想起來要給我父母親寫信。
3) "stop + 動(dòng)名詞"表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下來 做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。
Stop smoking, please.
請(qǐng)不要抽煙 。
Let's stop to have a rest.
咱們停下來休息一下吧。
4) 動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別:
動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí),動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,而分詞作定語時(shí), 分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
reading text 閱讀課文 〔動(dòng)名詞〕
developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 〔分詞〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動(dòng)名詞〕
boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕
相關(guān)文章: