初一上冊(cè)英語預(yù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2)
初一上冊(cè)英語預(yù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
初一上冊(cè)英語重點(diǎn)語法預(yù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、特殊疑問句:
以疑問代詞what, who, whom, whose, which或疑問副詞when, where, why, how等放在句首提問的句子,叫特殊疑問句。答句必須針對(duì)問句中的疑問詞來回答。
(一)各種疑問詞的用法:
1.what用于對(duì)句子的主語、賓語、表語提問。用于提問“事情、東西”,還可以提問“姓名、職業(yè)、時(shí)間”等。
如:what’s your name?
2.Who, whom, whose只能指人,who“誰”,常作主語,whom“誰”,常作賓語,whose“誰的”,常作定語或表語。
Who taught you English last year? 去年哪個(gè)老師教你們英語?
Whose father works in Beijing? 誰的爸爸在北京工作?
3.which用來詢問人或物,一般有特定的選擇范圍。
Which is your sister of the two girls?
那兩個(gè)女孩中,哪個(gè)是你姐姐?(限定在這兩個(gè)女孩中)
4.when, where, why, how分別對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式
When did you arrive here? 你什么時(shí)候到這里的? (對(duì)時(shí)間)
Where were you last night? 你昨晚在哪里? (對(duì)地點(diǎn))
Why were you late again? 你怎么又遲到了? (對(duì)原因)
How do you go to school? 你怎樣上學(xué)的? ——by school bus(對(duì)方式)
注意:
①when與what time的區(qū)別:when指的是大體的時(shí)間,而what time詢問的是具體的時(shí)間。
--What time shall we meet? -- At ten o’clock.
--When shall we meet? --Tomorrow.
?、趆ow many用于詢問“多少”,且后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。——提問數(shù)量
how much用于提問“多少”,后面接不可數(shù)名詞,也可對(duì)“錢”提問。——提問不可數(shù)名 詞的數(shù)量和價(jià)格。
③ how old用于提問年齡“多大歲數(shù)”;對(duì)應(yīng)名詞“age”
how long用于提問時(shí)間或長度“多長時(shí)間,長度多長”,回答用“for+一段時(shí)間”;對(duì)應(yīng)“leight”。
how soon用于提問時(shí)間“還要多久”,回答用“in+一段時(shí)間”;
how far提問距離“有多遠(yuǎn)”;how often用于提問頻率“多長時(shí)間一次”。
How tall提問高度: How tall are you? = What is your height?(對(duì)應(yīng) height)
How often 提問“多久一次。 ”
(二)句型結(jié)構(gòu):
1.如疑問詞作主語或主語的定語,即對(duì)主語或主語的定語提問,其語序是陳述句的語序:
疑問詞(+主語)+謂語動(dòng)詞+其他成分。
如: Who is there?誰在那兒?
Which book is his?哪本書是他的?
2.如疑問詞作其他成分,即對(duì)其他成分提問,其語序是:疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?
(1)疑問詞+be+主語+其他? 如:who is your teacher?
(2)疑問詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語+行為動(dòng)詞(其他)?
如:What does your father do? Why do you like English。
(三)回答:不能用yes / no,即問什么答什么,尤其是簡略回答。
如: -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了?
-She’s only five. / Only five. (她)才5歲。
(四)對(duì)劃線部分提問規(guī)則:
第一步,找準(zhǔn)特殊疑問詞。
第二步,提前或加助動(dòng)詞:(BE動(dòng)詞 am is are was were,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can could may
must will would shall should, 助動(dòng)詞(完成時(shí)中)have has had.)
第三步,作變化抄剩余詞。(主語時(shí)態(tài)的變化,如I變You ;前邊加does do,后邊動(dòng)詞用原形.)
1.He is thirteen years old.(對(duì)劃線提問)
A:找準(zhǔn)疑問詞:How old B:提前BE動(dòng)詞 : is
C:抄剩余詞: he 即:How old is he?
2 They went to work yesterday morning.
A:找準(zhǔn)疑問詞: When B:加助動(dòng)詞:(過去時(shí)) did
C:作變化(將went 變?yōu)間o)并抄剩余詞: they go to work.
即:When did they go to work?
3 . Her mother goes to school by bike.
A:找準(zhǔn) 特殊疑問詞:How B:加助動(dòng)詞(三單時(shí)): does
C:作變化(goes—go) 抄剩余詞: her mother go to school
即:How does her mother go to school?
二、不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞有a 和an兩個(gè),泛指“一”的概念,但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,只表示名詞為不特定者,且僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。
1.a用于發(fā)音以輔音音標(biāo)(不是以輔音字母)開頭的單詞前面; My mother is a doctor.
2.an用于發(fā)音以元音音標(biāo)(不是元音字母)開頭的單詞前面。 My father is an engineer.
An actor; a doctor ; an apple ; a pen ; an egg
①表示“一”,用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前。 The company needs a worker.
?、诒硎?ldquo;一類”,指一類人或事物,用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。 An elephant is bigger than a cat.
?、勰呈?ldquo;某一個(gè)”,不具體指明是何人何物。 A teacher wants to see you.
④表示“每一”。 We work five days a week.
⑤表示“第一次提到”;首次提到人或物,但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)。
Long long ago, there was a king.
?、抻糜诠潭ㄔ~組中: a few一些(加可數(shù)名詞) a little一些(加不可數(shù)名詞)
a lot of許多 a great deal of 大量 a moment ago剛才
a piece of 一片 have a cold感冒 have a try試一試
in a word總之 in a hurry匆忙地 after a while過了一會(huì)兒
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