初二英語下冊知識點歸納有哪些(2)
2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)
34.be big and crowded 大而且擁擠
34. be in college 在上大學(xué)
35. live on a space station 住在空間站
36. dress casually 穿得很隨意casual clothing 休閑服飾
37. win the next World Cup 贏得世界杯 win award 獲僵
38. come true 變成現(xiàn)實
39. take hundreds of years 花幾百年的時間
40. be fun to watch 看起來有趣
41. over and over again 一次又一次
42. be in different shapes 形狀不同
43. twenty years from now 今后20年
【本單元目標(biāo)句型】
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future. l fewer; less表示否定之意，分別修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞;more二者都可以修飾。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。
4. Predicting the future can be difficult.
5. I need to look smart for my job interview.
6. I will be able to dress more casually.
7. I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.
8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?
9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.
【知識歸納】
形容詞，副詞的比較等級考查熱點透視：
a)表示A與B在程度上相同b)時，c) “as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示A不d)如B時，e)可用“not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。
f)表示A比B在程度上“更„..”時，g)可用“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)
h)表示三者或三者以上的比較，i)其中一個在程度上“最„..”時，j)常用“the+形容詞或副詞的最高級”結(jié)構(gòu)，k)后面可帶“of/in的短語”來說明比較的范圍。(注意：副詞的最高級在句中常省略“the”.) l)在形容詞或副詞的比較級前，m)可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等詞語來修飾，n)以加強(qiáng)語氣。
o)表示“越來越„.”時，p)常用“形容詞或副詞的比較級+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，q)但要注意，r)對于多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞，s)副詞而t)言，u)若要表達(dá)此意時，v)要用“more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級“結(jié)構(gòu)。
w)在表示“其中最„.之一“的含義時，x)常使用 “one of+the+形容詞最高級形式+名y)詞復(fù)z)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)，aa)其中的定冠詞the不bb)可以省略。
cc)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)“兩者中比較„的(一個)”的意思時，dd)可使用“the+形容詞比較級+其它”結(jié)構(gòu)。
ee)表示“越„.越„.”, 可使用“the+形容詞或副詞的比較級，ff)the+形容詞或副詞的比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。 2 .一般將來時
一般將來時的構(gòu)成：由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構(gòu)成，shall用于第一人稱。在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后常簡略為’ll， will not常簡略為won’t。這個時態(tài)的肯定，否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)可表示如下： 肯定句否定句疑問句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +動詞原形”也可表示將來時，表示將要發(fā)生的事，打算或決定要做的事。
b)一般將來時的用法：1)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況;2) 不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移，肯定要發(fā)生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是國慶日。
3. in/after:in是指以現(xiàn)在時間為起點的“在一段時間以后”。也可以表示“在將來多少時間之內(nèi)”，句子中的謂語動詞要用一般將來時態(tài);after常指以過去時間為起點的“一段時間之后”，所以它與過去時態(tài)連用。當(dāng)after指某個特定的未來時刻或日期之后，或指以將來某一時間為起點的若干時間之后時，它可以與將來時態(tài)連用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法區(qū)別：more為many, much的比較級，意為“更多”，可修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。Less是little的比較級，意為“更好，較少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Fewer是few的比較級，意為“更少”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
【注意】few, little表示否定“幾乎沒有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一點，幾個”。
5.would like sth意思為“想要某物“; would like to do意思為”想要做某事“?；卮饂ould like句型的一般疑問句時，其肯定回答為 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but„.”
6. Such作形容詞，意思是“如此的”“這樣的”，修飾各種名詞。
Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣。
Such常和as搭配，表示一種類別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子。 Such常和表示結(jié)果的that從句搭配，表示“如此„.以至于„”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such„that„和so„that„都可用來引出一個結(jié)果狀語從句。由于such是形容詞，所以that從句前有一個受such修飾的名詞;而so 是副詞，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，因此that從句前一般不出現(xiàn)名詞。如 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，such和so的位置不同：
such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞
so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞
如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)，只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞
如果被修飾的不可數(shù)名詞被much, little, 或復(fù)數(shù)名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時，用so，不用such.
當(dāng)little表示“年紀(jì)小的”時，可用such+little+名詞。
7.be able to 為“能，會”，表示能力，在這個意義上與can的意思相同，一般情況下兩者可以互換，但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)而be able to則用于更多的時態(tài)，主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化。
兩者在用法上有一些差異：can (could)表示主觀能力不表示意愿，它的將來時用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意愿強(qiáng)調(diào)克服困難做某事。
【重點語法】
一般將來時
表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。本時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：
1.含tomorrow; next短語; 2.in+段時間 ; 3.how soon;
4.by+將來時間; 5.by the time sb.do„ 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do
例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late
7.在時間/條件狀語從句中, 如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時, 主句用將來時 8.another day
比較be going to 與will:
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。
如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而 will 則沒有這個意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
掌握了它們的這些不同，你就能很好的區(qū)分be going to與will了。
be going to do (動詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：
1. 表示預(yù)見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構(gòu)成如下：
一般疑問句構(gòu)成：
(1)will+主語+do„? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Will there + be „?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句構(gòu)成：will + not (won’t)+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+„?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
第二單元重點總結(jié)
一丶重點短語
1.argue v.爭論;爭吵 argue with sb.與某人吵架
I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。
2.① either adv.(用于否定句)也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either.他沒有錢，我也沒有。 I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不會下國際象棋，她也不會。 ② too 也(用于肯定或疑問句)
I’m a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老師，他也是老師。
3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人尋求某物;要„„
Don't ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 別天天要飯，找點兒工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不應(yīng)向父母要錢。
4.the same as... 與„„相同 (注意前后兩個比較對象的屬性保持一致)
The clothes are the same as my friends'.這些衣服與我朋友的一樣。
Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 湯姆和安娜一樣大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包與我的一樣。
5.except 除„„以外;(不包括„„在內(nèi))
My class has been invited except me.除我以外，我的同學(xué)都被邀請了。
All the students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全體同學(xué)都去過公園了。
They all traveled America except her. 除了她以外，所有的學(xué)生都去美國旅行過。
注意區(qū)別：besides 除„„以外，還有...(包括在內(nèi))
We all went there besides him.除他去以外，我們也都去了。
(= He went there.We went there, too.) 他也去了，我們也去了!/大家都去了!
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外還有5名訪客 (加上我是6個)
6.wrong adj.錯誤的;有毛病的;不合適的
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
─ I've got a headache.我頭痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。
注意：What’s the matter with you?= What’s wrong with you ?=What’s the trouble with you? 你怎么了?/你出什么事了?
7.get on(well) with sb.與某人相處(融洽)
get on ( well ) with sth 某事進(jìn)展地好
The students will get on well with the teacher.學(xué)生會和老師相處得非常好。 How are you going on with your new friends? 你和你的新朋友相片如何 ? These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.
這些天，格林先生的工作進(jìn)展很順利
8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.與某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。 They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他們從不打架，他們的確是好朋友。
二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter.
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue.
三、詞語辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人處借進(jìn)某物 (借回來)
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借給某人 (借出去)
注： borrow sth. from sb. 是指該句的主語從別人處(往里)借進(jìn)某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天從露西處借了那本字典. lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指該句的主語把某物(往外)借給別人用
例如：Could you lend me your car?
=Could you lend your car to me?
請你借給我你的車用一下好嗎?
2. ①get sb. to do„ 使„„做(以人為對象時，有“說服„„使做„„”的含義) He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以請一位家庭教師來他家。 You’ll never get her to agree. 你決不可能使她同意。
?、赼sk sb. to do„ 邀請(人)做„„
We asked her to come to our party.我們請她來參加聚會
?、?tell sb. to do„讓某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老師那天讓他完成那項工作。
3、be in style 時髦的，流行的
be out of style 過時的，不時髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很時髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服過時了。
四、課文解釋
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想讓他感到意外。
此處surprise是及物動詞 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃驚
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用電話就此事進(jìn)行交流
On the phone 在電話里 。不能使用 in the phone、
eg. They talk about a lot on the phone yesterday.
他們昨天在電話里談了很多
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 給某人打電話
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 給某人寫信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.給他一張觀看球賽的入場券 (注意to 譯為：...的) eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他們搞了兩張今晚表演的入場券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的發(fā)型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (經(jīng)過某人的研究、努力)發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你應(yīng)該自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我們班其他別的人都接到了邀請(信)
此句中else一詞不能單獨使用，它必須跟在不定代詞像“someone, anyone nobody”等詞的后面，或跟在特殊疑問詞像“what, where”等詞的后面使用意思是“別的”
eg. What else 別的什么， Who else 其他誰 someone else 其他人
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做錯了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是賓語從句，應(yīng)用陳述語序 (即 ：主語+動詞)
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮喪，不知該干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的賓語，可用賓語從句來代替?？梢哉f成“I don’t know what I should do.”
請背熟以下兩個常見結(jié)構(gòu)： I don’t know what to do .我不知道該做什么。
I don’t know how to do it. 我不知道該怎么去做它。
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有許多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定語從句，修飾前面的名詞“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作業(yè)落在家里了。
leave sth. +介詞短語，是“把„„忘在，落在(某處)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把傘忘在公交車上。
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.給他一張觀看球賽的入場券 (注意to 譯為：...的) eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他們搞了兩張今晚表演的入場券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的發(fā)型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (經(jīng)過某人的研究、努力)發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你應(yīng)該自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我們班其他別的人都接到了邀請(信)
此句中else一詞不能單獨使用，它必須跟在不定代詞像“someone, anyone nobody”等詞的后面，或跟在特殊疑問詞像“what, where”等詞的后面使用意思是“別的”
eg. What else 別的什么， Who else 其他誰 someone else 其他人
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做錯了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是賓語從句，應(yīng)用陳述語序 (即 ：主語+動詞)
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮喪，不知該干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的賓語，可用賓語從句來代替?？梢哉f成“I don’t know what I should do.”
請背熟以下兩個常見結(jié)構(gòu)： I don’t know what to do .我不知道該做什么。
I don’t know how to do it. 我不知道該怎么去做它。
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有許多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定語從句，修飾前面的名詞“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作業(yè)落在家里了。
leave sth. +介詞短語，是“把„„忘在，落在(某處)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把傘忘在公交車上。
初二下冊英語重點句型歸納總結(jié)
Unit 1 What's the matter?
1. What's the matter with you?
= What'the trouble with you?
= What's wrong with you?
你怎么了?
2. What should she do?
她該怎么辦呢?
3.Should I take my temperature?
我應(yīng)該量一下體溫嗎?
4.You should lie down and rest.
你應(yīng)該躺下休息一會兒。
5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
你認(rèn)為它是來自報紙還是書呢?
6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同樣的姿勢一動不動地坐得太久了。
7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital.
她說這個人有心臟病應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院。
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
這個男孩可以在食品救濟(jì)站分發(fā)食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
清潔日離現(xiàn)在僅僅兩周的時間。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午，他都在一'家動物醫(yī)院當(dāng)志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她決定去參加一個課外閱讀項目的志愿者的選拔。
5.You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book.
從他們的眼睛里你可以看到他們正在進(jìn)行每本不同的新書之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在動物醫(yī)院工作的計劃推遲到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
現(xiàn)在的大部分人只是為找一份能掙許多錢的好工作而著急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck.
在你的幫助下，我才有可能擁有“幸運兒”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
1.Could you please clean your room?
你能整理一下你的房間嗎?
2. I have to do some work.
我必須干些活。
3. Could I use your computer?
我可以用一下你的電腦嗎?
4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到這樣亂七八糟的話，她會不高興的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周，她什么家務(wù)活都不干了，我也一樣。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .
我一在電視機(jī)前坐下，我媽媽就過來了。
7. I hate to do chores.
我不喜歡做雜務(wù)。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. I studied until mid night last night so I did n't get enough sleep.
我昨晚學(xué)習(xí)到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why don't you forget about it?
你為什么不忘掉它呢?
3. Although she's wrong , it,s not a big deal.
雖然她錯了,但這并不是什么大事兒。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.
他應(yīng)該跟朋友談?wù)勔员闼苷f聲對不起。
5. Maybe you could go to his house.
也許你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him.
我想我可以.但我不想讓他感到驚訝。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. — What were you doing at eight last night?
昨晚8點你在干什么?
— I was taking a shower.
我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
當(dāng)開始下雨的時候，本正在幫他媽媽做晚飯。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?
琳達(dá)在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在干什么?
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
琳達(dá)在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在幫瑪麗做作業(yè)。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?
你覺得愚公的故事怎么樣?
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain.
把一座山給移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
這是因為他會根據(jù)他的形狀和大小，做出72種變化，可以將自己變成不同的動物或東西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.
有時候，他能夠讓他的金箍棒變得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.
這些(山)太高了，他們要花好長時間才能翻越過去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest.
你們到達(dá)森林之后才能吃。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
當(dāng)你接近山頂時，連呼吸都會困難。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
其中的一個主要的原因是人們想要在面臨困難時挑戰(zhàn)自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該放棄實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。
4. How high is Qomolangma?
珠穆朗瑪峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.
雖然日本比加拿大有更悠久的歷史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
成年大熊貓一天要花1 2 個多小時的時間吃大約十千克竹子。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
1.— Have you read little Women yet?
你讀過《小婦人》嗎?
— Yes,I have. /No,I haven't.
是的，我讀過。/ 不，我沒有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜讀過《金銀島》這本書嗎?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic.
是的，她讀過。她覺得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink?
你要來點喝的嗎?
4. I heard you lost your key.
我聽說你丟鑰匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她開始意識到，事實上她是多么想念他們所有的人。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
1. Have you ever been to a science museum?
你曾經(jīng)去過科學(xué)博物館嗎?
2.Let's go somewhere different today.
我們今天去過不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way.
科技以如此速猛的方式發(fā)展真是令人難以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore!
不管你喜歡印度食品，西方食品還是日本食品，在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
新加坡一個很大的特征是它的氣溫幾乎一年到頭都是一樣的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore.
最好游覽新加坡
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. Have long have you had that bike over there?
那邊的那輛自行車你買了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .
艾米擁有她最喜歡的書3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他四歲生日起，他擁有這個東西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人依然住在家鄉(xiāng)，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉(xiāng)一兩次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我，我不想放棄我的足球衣，但是，說實在的，我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有一段時間沒有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
你是否曾經(jīng)想過要舉辦，一個庭院拍賣會來出售東西?
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你會怎樣處理你所籌集到得錢?
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