小升初英語復(fù)習(xí)資料
小升初英語復(fù)習(xí)資料
一般重點(diǎn)中學(xué)的小升初英語考試,都要求學(xué)生具有2000到3000的詞匯量,而且要求學(xué)生能讀、能聽懂 這些單詞,甚至要求孩子會(huì)拼寫。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享小升初英語復(fù)習(xí)資料
一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯
1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)
which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解
當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí)。比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:
什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I’m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
?、?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
?、?雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。
典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性。
應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí):
一、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River?
(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
二、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞
(1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I’m than my brother.
(2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.
(4) 誰比你重? than you?
四、根據(jù)答句寫出問句
(1) I’m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years old.
(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.
三:動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
?、?一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
?、凇∫詄結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人稱和數(shù)
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格 賓格
第一
人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的)
復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)
第二
人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的)
復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)
第三
人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)
六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類
1、 肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。
如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆注意 小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,
?、侔褎?dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。
?、跊]有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”來回答。如:
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)),
how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結(jié):how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see? 你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there…? 有多少……?
七:完全、縮略形式:
I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is they’re=they are you’re=you are there’s=there is they’re=they are can’t=can not don’t=do not doesn’t=does not isn’t=is not aren’t=are not let’s=let us won’t=will not I’ll=I will wasn’t=was not
總結(jié):通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let’s=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can’t=can not)
八:與字母相關(guān)的題型 ( 注:五個(gè)元音字母是 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu )
一.將所給字母的大小寫寫在四線格上
Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii
二.寫出下列字母的左鄰右舍。
1.( ) Hh ( ) 2.( ) Bb ( ) 3.( ) Ll ( ) 4.( ) Rr ( ) 5.( ) Qq ( ) 6.( ) Ww ( )
三.用小寫字母抄寫下列單詞。
1.ROOM( ) 2.UNDER( ) 3.PLEASE( ) 4.PICTURE( ) 5.WHERE( ) 6.TWINS( ) 7.EXCUSE( ) 8.HOW( ) 9.CAKE( ) 10.SMALL( )
三.將全是元音字母的那一組圈起來
1. a c e 2. i e o 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I 6. E T V 7. E I O 8. A U E
四.寫出與所給單詞發(fā)音相同的字母(大小寫)。
1.bee ( ) 2.sea ( ) 3.tea ( ) 4.are ( ) 5.why ( ) 6.you ( )
九:pep小學(xué)英語詞匯不完全歸類表
學(xué)習(xí)用品(school things):
pen鋼筆pencil鉛筆 pencil-case鉛筆盒 ruler尺子 book書 bag包 comic book漫畫書 post card明信片 newspaper報(bào)紙 schoolbag書包 eraser橡皮 crayon蠟筆 sharpener卷筆刀 story-book故事書 notebook筆記本 Chinese book語文書 English book英語書 math book數(shù)學(xué)書 magazine雜志 dictionary詞典
人體(body):
foot腳 head頭 face臉 hair頭發(fā) nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂 hand手 finger手指 leg腿 tail尾巴
顏色(colours):
red紅 blue藍(lán) yellow黃 green綠 white白 black黑 pink粉紅 purple紫orange橙brown棕
動(dòng)物(animals):
cat貓 dog狗 pig豬 duck鴨 rabbit兔 horse馬 elephant大象 ant螞蟻 fish魚 bird鳥 eagle鷹 beaver海貍 snake蛇 mouse老鼠 squirrel松鼠 kangaroo袋鼠 monkey猴 panda熊貓 bear熊 lion獅子 tiger老虎 fox狐貍 zebra斑馬 deer鹿 giraffe長(zhǎng)頸鹿 goose鵝 hen母雞 turkey火雞 lamb小羊 sheep綿羊 goat山羊 cow奶牛 donkey驢 squid魷魚 lobster龍蝦 shark鯊魚seal海豹sperm whale抹香鯨killer whale虎鯨
人物(people):
friend朋友 boy男孩 girl女孩 mother母親 father父親 sister姐妹 brother兄弟 uncle叔叔;舅舅 man男人 woman女人 Mr.先生 Miss小姐 lady女士;小姐 mom媽媽 dad爸爸 parents父母 grandparents祖父母 grandma/grandmother(外)祖母 grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父 aunt姑姑 cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹 son兒子 daughter女兒 baby嬰兒 kid小孩 classmate同學(xué) queen女王 visitor參觀者 neighbour鄰居 principal校長(zhǎng) university student大學(xué)生 pen pal筆友 tourist旅行者 people人物 robot機(jī)器人
職業(yè)(jobs):
teacher教師 student學(xué)生 doctor醫(yī)生 nurse護(hù)士 driver司機(jī) farmer農(nóng)民 singer歌唱家 writer作家 actor男演員 actress女演員 artist畫家 TV reporter電視臺(tái)記者 engineer工程師 accountant會(huì)計(jì) policeman(男)警察 salesperson銷售員 cleaner清潔工 baseball player棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員 assistant售貨員 police警察
食品、飲料(food & drink):
rice米飯 bread面包 beef牛肉 milk牛奶 water水 egg蛋 fish魚 tofu豆腐 cake蛋糕 hot dog熱狗 hamburger漢堡包 French fries炸薯?xiàng)l cookie曲奇 biscuit餅干 jam果醬 noodles面條 meat肉 chicken雞肉 pork豬肉 mutton羊肉 vegetable蔬菜 salad沙拉 soup湯 ice冰 ice-cream冰淇淋 Coke可樂 juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡 breakfast早餐 lunch午餐 dinner/supper晚餐 meal一餐
水果、蔬菜(fruit & vegetables):