GRE作文雷同怎么辦
很多考生在問(wèn)，由于準(zhǔn)備GRE作文的時(shí)候，都會(huì)背記大量的作文。那么要是運(yùn)氣不好，在考試的時(shí)候，應(yīng)如何盡量避免GRE作文雷同呢?以下這篇文章解析了這個(gè)問(wèn)題
GRE作文雷同怎么辦
ETS在GRE作文評(píng)分部分討論到獨(dú)立智力活動(dòng)的問(wèn)題：
Independent Intellectual Activity. Essay responses on the Analytical Writing section will be reviewed by ETS essay-similarity-detection software and by experienced essay readers during the scoring process. In light of the high value placed on independent intellectual activity within United States graduate schools and universities, ETS? reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
由此可見，GRE的雷同處理將包括軟件的使用和閱卷員審核兩部分。那么軟件這一部分來(lái)講，我們有理由相信它主要是針對(duì)背誦范文的考生，運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)的范文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢測(cè)答卷中是否有某一段文字為抄襲。在計(jì)算機(jī)防止抄襲的工作中，做得比較好的是turnitin (http://turnitin.com)，我們可以通過(guò)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站了解全球最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)反抄襲技術(shù)也不過(guò)就是文字段落的配對(duì)。而對(duì)付閱卷員，則需要更加仔細(xì)的避開以下ETS所列出的雷區(qū)：
Text that is similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses
這里講的就是你的文字和其他考生的文字很接近。相信這項(xiàng)檢查將由計(jì)算機(jī)完成，其原理和turnitin相同。要避免這一點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵是不要背范文，以及要自己來(lái)寫。有同學(xué)會(huì)問(wèn)如果句式一樣、內(nèi)容不同行不行，我的看法是可以，因?yàn)槟愕木渥硬粫?huì)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中其他同學(xué)任何一個(gè)句子相似。
Quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language that appears in published or unpublished sources
這里提到的是學(xué)術(shù)寫作中的一個(gè)經(jīng)典問(wèn)題，就是引述別人的文字時(shí)，需要指明這是原作者的工作，而不能將別人的工作據(jù)為己有。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是語(yǔ)言，因此只要每一句話都是你自己造的就不會(huì)有這個(gè)問(wèn)題。如果是引用別人的話，就注明出處即可。第二項(xiàng)也有可能通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)完成一部分，比如將一些名人名言錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
3) Unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without citation of the contribution of others
這一項(xiàng)指的是在作文中使用了和別人合作的成果而未能引述他人的貢獻(xiàn)。比如說(shuō)考生A和考生B在討論題庫(kù)的過(guò)程同想出了某個(gè)思路，那么兩個(gè)考生在考試中使用這個(gè)思路時(shí)都必須引述另一個(gè)考生也參與了這個(gè)思考的事實(shí)。我想這條規(guī)則主要是針對(duì)考生在作文中重復(fù)使用相同的思路和例證。其實(shí)，ETS并沒(méi)有禁止使用別人的東西，而只是強(qiáng)調(diào)用了別人的東西，一定要記得給別人相應(yīng)的credit。
Essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the words have, in fact, been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.
注意本項(xiàng)和第三項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞有區(qū)別，第三項(xiàng)用的是work，是一個(gè)很寬泛的概念，涵蓋的內(nèi)容包括文章的思路、例證等;而本項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞是words，實(shí)際上就是text，這一點(diǎn)和第一項(xiàng)是一致的。第一項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是和其他考生的雷同而本項(xiàng)則是和其他已發(fā)表文章的雷同。
以上是筆者對(duì)ETS政策說(shuō)明的解釋，屬于個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。接下來(lái)，我們可以從獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作原則的正面角度來(lái)討論如何避免因雷同而被取消成績(jī)。要想避免雷同，考生應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面努力：
1) 在觀點(diǎn)上要具有洞察力，要有自己的原創(chuàng)特色。觀點(diǎn)是GRE作文考試的核心內(nèi)容，考察考生能否對(duì)一個(gè)issue進(jìn)行深入分析與思考并最終提出一個(gè)有層次的觀點(diǎn)。有了原創(chuàng)觀點(diǎn)就不用擔(dān)心雷同。我這樣說(shuō)也許有有點(diǎn)像讓快餓死的人去吃肉粥。如果真的要借鑒范文觀點(diǎn)，我建議應(yīng)該盡可能做一些調(diào)整，以避免第二個(gè)雷區(qū)。或者干脆在文中講明這個(gè)思路是借鑒了哪一本參考書的。美國(guó)人對(duì)真小人比對(duì)偽君子要寬容。
2) 在語(yǔ)言上可以使用一些范文的句式，但是絕對(duì)不能照抄原文，而是要換掉一些關(guān)鍵詞?；蛘呷绻栌藐P(guān)鍵詞，則必須使用別的句式。
3) 在結(jié)構(gòu)上可以采取聲東擊西的策略，比如把北美范文用在120題的結(jié)構(gòu)和破題策略用在210題上。
4) 在例證方面，使用范文用過(guò)的例證沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，哪怕用那些被判雷同的例證也沒(méi)問(wèn)題。例證是人類的共同知識(shí)，誰(shuí)都可以使用，關(guān)鍵是我們不能用和范文作者同樣的思路和語(yǔ)言來(lái)詮釋例證并展開類似的論證。因此，越是耳熟能詳?shù)睦C如牛頓與蘋果樹、愛(ài)迪生孵蛋，要寫出原創(chuàng)的內(nèi)容就越困難，雷同的危險(xiǎn)就越大。
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，取消分?jǐn)?shù)是一件很嚴(yán)重的事情，ETS決不會(huì)輕易的下手。這個(gè)政策背后的原則就是原創(chuàng)性，需要考生有自己的思想、自己的例證和自己的語(yǔ)言。我們一方面可以在政策允許的范圍內(nèi)對(duì)范文進(jìn)行合法、合理的使用，另一方面更要積極培養(yǎng)我們自己的獨(dú)立思考能力，從根本上解決雷同問(wèn)題。
GRE寫作滿分范文1
"It?is?unfortunate?that?today's?educators?place?so?much?emphasis?on?finding?out?what?students?want?to?include?in?the?curriculum?and?then?giving?it?to?them.??It?is?the?educators'?duty?to?determine?the?curriculum?and?the?students'?duty?to?study?what?is?presented?to?them."??
In?today's?society,?there?is?too?much?emphasis?placed?on?students?desires?rather?than?their?needs.??The?students?of?today?should?have?to?study?what?is?presented?to?them,?rather?than?what?is?desired?by?them.??Students?are?searching?for?the?easy?way?out,?and?educators'?are?supplying?them?with?that.??Students?should?not?only?be?presented?with?mandatory?curriculum,?but?the?educators?should?strive?to?insure?that?each?individual?student?truly?gains?from?their?education,?rather?than?just?breezing?through?it.?
It?is?vital?to?the?continued?success?and?expansion?of?the?United?States,?that?the?young?people?be?challenged?in?their?curriculum?and?be?encouraged?to?succeed?in?all?that?they?do.??The?educators?should?determine?a?more?strenuous?curriculum,?and?enforce?it?at?an?earlier?age.??Thus,?the?young?people?of?today?will?expect?to?be?challenged,?rather?than?avoiding?it.??Students?have?the?easy?way?out,?and?they?are?not?truly?giving?all?that?they?can.??There?is?so?much?potential?that?is?just?waiting?to?flourish,?but?it?is?the?educators'?reponsibility?to?tap?into?that?potential.?
In?conclusion,?it?is?the?educators?responsibility?to?enforce?curriculum?and?than?raquesting?it.??Students?should?be?challenged?and?expect?curriculum?that?will?eventually?lead?them?to?a?path?of?success.?
COMMENTARY?
This?brief?essay?is?flawed?by?its?generalities,?repetition,?and?limited?development.??The?central?thesis?--?that?it?is?the?burden?of?educators?to?teach?what?they?believe?is?necessary?and?that?our?educational?system?should?not?allow?students?to?"breeze?through"?the?educational?system?--?is?not?adequately?supported.??The?middle?of?the?essay?merely?repeats?much?of?what?was?said?in?the?introduction.??The?writer?discusses?the?concepts?of?students'?potential?and?educators'?responsibilities?in?only?the?most?general?terms.?
The?two-sentence?conclusion?simply?repeats?earlier?discussion?and?does?not?sufficiently?tie?together?and?comment?upon?the?earlier?discussion.??To?earn?a?score?of?4,?this?essay?would?need?to?provide?specific?reasons?and?examples?that?more?adequately?develop?its?main?points.?
Also,?the?phrasing?is?often?vague?("giving?all?that?they?can"?and?"path?of?success"),?and?the?syntax?is?at?times?poorly?controlled?("young?people?of?today?will?expect?to?be?challenged,?rather?than?avoiding?it.")??Still,?the?problems?are?not?severe?or?frequent.??For?all?of?these?reasons,?this?essay?received?a?3.?
GRE寫作滿分范文2
"It?is?unfortunate?that?today's?educators?place?so?much?emphasis?on?finding?out?what?students?want?to?include?in?the?curriculum?and?then?giving?it?to?them.??It?is?the?educators'?duty?to?determine?the?curriculum?and?the?students'?duty?to?study?what?is?presented?to?them."?
There?are?many?school?violences?in?each?school.??Those?are?big?problems?to?our?govenment?and?social.??School?violences?effect?the?studying?of?students.??This?is?very?serious,?even?some?students?are?nervious?to?go?school.??In?fact,?the?government?must?give?students?a?clean?place?to?study.??Teachers?should?help?students?know?it?is?a?duty?to?study.??So,?everyone?should?face?those?big?problems.?
Do?we?know?what?are?students'?ideas???Do?the?educators?try?to?know???Most?educators?hope?the?govenment?can?give?students?more?and?help?them?more.??These?are?people's?hope.??But?it?is?so?unfortunate?that?students?can't?have?a?good?place?to?study.??Also,?teachers?have?to?teach?the?students.??Not?that?students?can?know?what?to?study?by?themself.??In?the?compus,?there?are?many?guys?sell?the?drugs?and?acohol?to?younger?students.??Why?those?guys?can?go?into?the?school???That?is?also?the?main?problem.?
When?we?were?little,?we?didn't?know?what?is?correct?and?what?is?wrong.??So?we?lose?ourself?easily.??At?the?same?time,?we?need?much?care?from?parents?and?teachers.??So?our?teachers?and?parents?play?the?important?roles?and?they?own?must?do?better.??Because?some?students?learn?some?bad?habits?from?their?teachers?and?parents.???
If?we?want?to?resolve?all?the?problems,?we?must?face?the?problems?and?find?out?the?reasons,?then?try?to?resolve?them.??We?also?must?care?all?students.??If?we?can?help?them,?tring?to?do?our?best.??Then,?the?problems?will?become?less?and?less.????????????????????????
COMMENTARY?
This?is?a?seriously?flawed?response?to?the?topic.??The?writer?begins?by?discussing?school?violence?and?the?need?for?a?good?place?to?study,?parental?and?teacher?influence,?and?resolution?of?school?problems.??The?issue?of?who?should?determine?the?curriculum,?teachers?or?students,?is?implied?but?not?addressed?directly.??In?fact,?teacher-directed?learning?seems?to?be?a?small?point?in?a?series?of?concerns?related?to?school?violence.??The?development?of?a?position?on?the?issue?is?unfocused?and?disorganized.??Even?the?example,?drug?selling,?relates?to?school?violence?and?not?to?curricular?responsibility.?
Language?errors?are?numerous.??Problems?with?correct?use?of?tense,?diction,?word?order,?sentence?structure,?and?subject-verb?agreement?also?interfere?with?meaning.??Had?the?writer?not?included?references?to?teachers?helping?students?know?what?to?study,?the?essay?would?probably?have?received?a?score?of?1?instead?of?a?2.
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★ 為什么我的GRE作文只有3分?突破寫作分?jǐn)?shù)瓶頸你需要先解決這些問(wèn)題