with的用法總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)是非常重要的一門(mén)學(xué)科，我們?cè)?a href='http://www.athomedrugdetox.com/english/' target='_blank'>學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該會(huì)經(jīng)常看到with這個(gè)單詞，那么對(duì)于with這個(gè)單詞的用法，大家了解多少呢？下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的with的用法總結(jié)_with的用法歸納，以供大家參考，我們一起來(lái)看看吧!
★★with練習(xí)題★★
一、with 結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞 (可以是緊跟的名詞，也可以是不緊跟的名詞，)作定語(yǔ)，帶有.....的特征。
1、 with 結(jié)構(gòu)修飾名詞，with 作后置定語(yǔ)，不緊跟前面名詞的情況。
例，Bihar is India's poorest state, with an annual per capita income of 1, lower than that of the mostimpoverished countries of the world.
with 結(jié)構(gòu) 修飾 Bihar
2、with 結(jié)構(gòu)修飾名詞，緊跟名詞的情況。
例，Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into
five groups, each with its own executive.with 結(jié)構(gòu)修飾 each (group)
二、作原因狀語(yǔ)，解釋為，由于，因?yàn)椤?/p>
例，With total sales of less than three hundred dollars and fewer new subscribers than last year, the New England
Theatre Company is in danger of losing its building.
三、作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨的情況或結(jié)果。
1、with 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)
曼哈頓論壇Ron 對(duì) with 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的解釋?zhuān)?/p>
It appears that "with" may be used with a present participle (-ING form) to represent
circumstances that are contemporaneous with the action described in the main clause
大意是，with 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)，與主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
四、【表示使用的工具，手段】用，以，借，在……的幫助下。語(yǔ)法作用：修飾 動(dòng)詞。
with 解釋為，在……的幫助下。修飾動(dòng)詞producing
Dolphins lack vocal cords, but they do create sounds, producing a complicated system of whistles, squeaks, moans, trills and clicks with sphincter muscles inside the blowhole.
海豚缺少聲帶。但是它們確實(shí)能產(chǎn)生聲音，在噴水孔內(nèi)部的括約肌的幫助下，產(chǎn)生一系列復(fù)雜的由汽笛聲，吱吱聲，呻吟聲，顫音，和咔噠聲組成的復(fù)雜聲音系統(tǒng)。
with 解釋為，用……，修飾動(dòng)詞portray
George Sand(Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor
legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them with sympathy and respect in her novels.
1、詞性不同。with 是介詞，而and是連詞。
2、在句子中的作用不同。 and連接的詞屬于并列成分,A and B中,A B是平行的而WITH和后面的詞構(gòu)成“介詞+賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)A with B中,A B是不平行的,A是主要成分,with B則是個(gè)附屬成分。
3、含義不同。with除了“和”之外還表示帶有的意思，而and只表示是“和”的意思。
1.表示方式、手段或工具等時(shí)(=以,用),如：with a car 用卡車(chē)
2. 與某些抽象名詞連用時(shí),其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞.如：with care=carefully 認(rèn)真地with kindness=kindly 親切地
3. 表示條件時(shí),根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用.
如：With more money I would be able to buy it.
要是錢(qián)多一點(diǎn),我就買(mǎi)得起了.
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner.
要是設(shè)備好些,我們完成這項(xiàng)工作還要快些.
4. 比較with和as：兩者均可表示“隨著”,但前者是介詞,后接名詞或代詞;后者是連詞,用于引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子.
比較：He will improve as he grows older.
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),他會(huì)進(jìn)步的.
People’s ideas change with the change of the times.
時(shí)代變了,人們的觀念也會(huì)變化.
5. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu),它在句中主要用作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨、原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式等;其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等.
如：(1) with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他常開(kāi)著窗睡覺(jué).
Don’t speak with your mouth full.
不要滿(mǎn)嘴巴食物說(shuō)話(huà).
(2) with+賓語(yǔ)+ 副詞
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低著頭，站在老師面前.
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
他和衣躺在床上.
(3) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 介詞短語(yǔ)
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
她含著眼淚說(shuō)了聲再見(jiàn).
The man was asleep with his head on his arms.
這個(gè)人頭枕著胳膊睡著了.
(4) with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他沒(méi)熄燈就睡著了.
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因?yàn)閶寢層胁? 我無(wú)法去度假.
(5) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞He sat there with his eyes closed.
他閉目坐在那兒.
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門(mén)在房里工作.
(6) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞不定式
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗這些衣服, 我無(wú)法出去了.
With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe.
有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策, 我們感到放心.
(7) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 名詞
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世時(shí),女兒還是個(gè)小學(xué)生.
一、with或without+名詞/代詞+形容詞
例句：1.I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜歡把窗戶(hù)開(kāi)著睡覺(jué)。(伴隨情況)
2.With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.
大氣這樣悶，十之_要下雨(原因狀語(yǔ))
二、with或without+名詞/代詞+副詞
例句：1.She left the room with all the lights on.她離開(kāi)了房間，燈還亮著。(伴隨情況)
2.The boy stood there with his head down.這個(gè)男孩低頭站在那兒。(伴隨情況)
三、with或without+名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)
例句：1.He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.
他走進(jìn)黑暗的街道時(shí)手里拿著根棍子。(伴隨情況)
2. With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.
由于孩子們?cè)谏蠈W(xué)，所以當(dāng)我們想度假時(shí)而不能去度假。(原因狀語(yǔ))
四、with或without+名詞/代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1、with或without+名詞/代詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)，不定式表示將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例句: 1.With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于沒(méi)人可以說(shuō)話(huà)的人，約翰感到很悲哀。(原因狀語(yǔ))
2. With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做，他沒(méi)有被允許外出。(原因狀語(yǔ))
2、with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 現(xiàn)在分詞，此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
例句: 1.With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物價(jià)上漲很快，我們買(mǎi)不起高檔商品。(原因狀語(yǔ))
2. With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.
在人群的歡呼聲中，他們驅(qū)車(chē)來(lái)到皇宮。(伴隨情況)
3、with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 過(guò)去分詞，此時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
例句: 1.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房間坐了一會(huì)兒，眼睛盯著天花板。(伴隨情況)
2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行車(chē)被偷，她只好步行回家。(原因狀語(yǔ))
五、with或without+名詞/代詞+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
例句：1.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
有可能，這個(gè)人死的時(shí)候還沒(méi)有人知道那些錢(qián)幣被藏在哪里。
2.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).
他想他是否可以在沒(méi)有人注意到他的情況下悄悄溜出演講大廳
3、with the winter coming
隨著冬天的來(lái)臨
with+不定式和+分詞的區(qū)別：加不定式是指將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,加分詞是指主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)動(dòng)作.
六、with +賓語(yǔ)(名詞，代詞)+名詞例句：1.He died with his daughter a schoolgirl他在他女兒是個(gè)小學(xué)生的時(shí)候死了.
練習(xí)1：請(qǐng)選擇最佳答案
1)With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.
A.leaving B.left
C.leave D.toleave
2)The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.
A.fixing B.fixed
C.to be fixing D.to be fixed
3)I live in the house with its door_________to the south.(這里with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ))
A.facing B.faces
C.faced D.being faced
4)They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.
A.burn B.burnt
C.burning D.to burn
練習(xí)2：用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子
1)_____________(有很多工作要做)，I couldn't go to see the doctor.
2)She sat__________(低著頭)。
3)The day was bright_____.(微風(fēng)吹拂)
4)_________________________，(心存夢(mèng)想)he went to Hollywood.
練習(xí)3：把下列句子中的劃線(xiàn)部分改寫(xiě)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
1)Because our lessons were over，we went to play football.
_____________________________.
2)The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.
_____________________________.
3)My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday.
_____________________________.
4)An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
_____________________________.
答案及分析
答案(練習(xí)1)：
1)答案是B.with的賓語(yǔ)nothing和動(dòng)詞leave是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
2)答案是B.短語(yǔ)fix one's eyes on
sth是“盯著……看”的意思，所以句中hereyes和動(dòng)詞fix是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。
3)答案是A.face“朝、向”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以和itsdoor是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
4)答案是C.burn“點(diǎn)燃、發(fā)亮、發(fā)光”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以和theirlights是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。
答案(練習(xí)2)：
1)With a lot of work to do
2)with her head bent
3)with a fresh breeze blowing
4)With a dream in heart
答案(練習(xí)3)：
1)With our lessons over ，we went to play football.
2)The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.
3)With my mother being will，I won't be able to go on holiday.
4)With the exam to be held tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
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