英語some和any的用法分析
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英語some和any的用法分析
(1)兩者修飾可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞時(shí),表“某一個(gè);任何一個(gè)”; 修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),表“一些;有些”。
(2)一般的用法:some用于肯定句;any用于疑問句,否定句或條件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
(3)特殊的用法:
(A) 在期望對(duì)方肯定的回答時(shí),問句也用some。
Will you lend1 me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一個(gè)時(shí),也可用于肯定句。
Come any day you like.
(4)some和any后沒有名詞時(shí),當(dāng)做代名詞, 此外兩者也可做副詞。
Some of them are my students.〔代名詞)
Is your mother any better?(副詞)
擴(kuò)展:有關(guān)各類數(shù)字的表達(dá)一覽
(1) 基數(shù)(Cardinal numerals):one, two, three...
(A) 除one接單數(shù)名詞外,其余均接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的后面須加and(但可以省略)。
12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序數(shù)(Ordinal mumerals):first, second, third...
(A) 序數(shù)前面必須附以定冠詞。而a second, a third等,則是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序數(shù)。
It’s on Friday, the fifth2 of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).
(C) 序數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)體。
9th = the ninth3; 12th = the twelfth4; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分?jǐn)?shù):
(A) 分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法:第一,分子用基數(shù),分母用序數(shù)。第二,分子大于2時(shí),分母須加“s”以形成復(fù)數(shù)。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分?jǐn)?shù)可接與不可數(shù)名詞;所接的名詞是單數(shù),則與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,是復(fù)數(shù)則與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。
A third of the peach was5 bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍數(shù)詞:常用的有half, double6, treble(三倍)等。
(A) half a, a half, half the +名詞,表(一半的)。
He ran7 a half mile8 in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half還可作名詞,代名詞及副詞。
Two halves make a whole9. (名詞)
This is half as1 much again as that. (副詞)
(C) 倍數(shù)常用的表達(dá)法:
(half; double; treble; twice10; two times; three times; four times...) +定冠詞或所有形容詞+名詞或所有代名詞
I had11 to pay12 double (= twice) the usual13 fare14.
That window is three times the size15 of this.
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