英語(yǔ)Responsible for短語(yǔ)的譯法
Responsible for 這一短語(yǔ)既可用于人,又可用于物,在句中通常做定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),接下來(lái),小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)Responsible for短語(yǔ)的譯法,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語(yǔ)Responsible for短語(yǔ)的譯法
Responsible for 這一短語(yǔ)既可用于人,又可用于物,在句中通常做定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),意思是“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”。例如:He should be responsible for the accident.(他應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這一事故負(fù)責(zé)。)Responsible for在科技英語(yǔ)中十分常見(jiàn),如都譯作“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”,有時(shí)則會(huì)顯得十分牽強(qiáng),因此要加以引申。常見(jiàn)的譯法有以下三種:
一、譯作“擔(dān)負(fù)……”
1. Electric charges, positive and negative, which are responsible for electrical forces, can wipe one another out.
擔(dān)負(fù)電力的正負(fù)電荷是能夠相互抵消的。
2. Already responsible for many plastics, fibres and synthetic1 rubber, petrochemicals will play an important role in tomorrow's demand for new things.
石油化工產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)擔(dān)負(fù)起制造多種塑料、人造纖維和合成橡膠的任務(wù),在滿(mǎn)足未來(lái)對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的需求方面仍將起到重要的作用。
二、譯作“引起”、“是引起……的原因”
這時(shí)的be responsible for 相當(dāng)于bring about的意思。
3. There are probably several factors responsible for water and salt retention2 and ascites in hepatic disease.
引起肝病患者水、鹽潴留和腹水的原因可能不止一個(gè)。
4. The stimuli3 believed to be responsible for secretion4 are vagal and humoral.
迷走神經(jīng)和體液刺激被認(rèn)為是引起分泌的原因。
5. Streprococci and staphylocci are responsible for a wide variety of infections.
鏈球菌和葡萄球菌是引起各種感染的原因。
三、譯作“由于……才……”
在這類(lèi)句中,responsible for往往作表語(yǔ),介詞for后面的賓語(yǔ)一般是動(dòng)作意義的名詞。
6. The weather was responsible for the plane's delay.
由于天氣關(guān)系飛機(jī)才誤點(diǎn)了。
7. The attachment5 of atoms of different kinds to each other is responsible for compounds having characteristic properties different from those of the elements of which they are made.
由于不同種原子的相互結(jié)合,化合物才具有與組成該化合物的那些元素不同的特性。
擴(kuò)展:As well as 作并列連詞的譯法
As well as用作并列連詞,在科技英語(yǔ)中是很常見(jiàn)的。普遍流行的一種見(jiàn)解認(rèn)為:"as well as用作并列連詞時(shí),著重的不是as well
as之后的詞,而是它之前的詞。所以翻譯時(shí),通常應(yīng)先譯as well as之后的詞,然后再譯它之前的詞。"(《科技英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題解答》),P. 129)"作為并列連詞使用時(shí),雖然連接的是兩個(gè)并列部分,但其重點(diǎn)在前者,不在后者。漢譯時(shí)要先譯后者,再譯前者。"(《英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)》)
但是,筆者在翻譯英語(yǔ)科技文章時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)很多情況并非如此。例如下面的兩個(gè)例句都是從同一本書(shū)(Santokh S. Basi, Semiconductor1 Pulse and Switching Circuits, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1980)的同一章中摘錄下來(lái)的,但它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)并不相同。
如:It is to be noted2 that Thevenin 's theorem applies to AC as well as to DC circuits.
要注意,代文寧定理不僅適用于直流電路,也適用于交流電路。
在這句話中,作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是as well as前面的部分。翻譯時(shí)把這個(gè)重點(diǎn)正確地表達(dá)出來(lái)是很必要的。但是作者接下去又說(shuō):
The above theorems and laws hold true for DC as well as for AC circuits.
上述定理和定律不但對(duì)直流電路而言是正確的,對(duì)交流電路而言也同樣是正確的。
顯然,這句話所強(qiáng)調(diào)的恰好是as well as 后面的部分。值得注意的是,強(qiáng)調(diào)后面部分的情況并非個(gè)別。下面這些句子都是從近年出版的英文原著中摘抄下來(lái)的:
1. The term IMPEDANCE is applicable only to AC circuits. Its unit of measurement is the ohm. It has a magnitude as well as phase angle. It is a complex quantity.
"感抗"這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)只適用于交流電路,其測(cè)量單位為歐姆。感抗不但有幅值,而且有相角,它是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)量。
2. Note that Ohm's law holds true for DC as well as for AC circuits. However, when analyzing3 AC circuit, it is important to consider the magnitude as
well as the direction of phasor quantities.
要注意,歐姆定律不僅適用于直流電路,對(duì)交流電路也同樣適用。不過(guò),在分析交流電路時(shí),重要的是不僅要考慮相量的幅值,還要考慮相量的方向。
3. The electrical power supplied by the source to the circuit is given by P=VI(watts). The equation is applicable to a circuit as well as to a component4 in a circuit.
電源供給電路的電功率公式為P=VI(瓦特)。此公式不但適用于某一條電路,而且適用于電路中的任一元件。
在上述數(shù)例中,作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的顯然都是as well as后面的部分??梢?jiàn),當(dāng)as well as用作并列連詞時(shí),究竟是強(qiáng)調(diào)前者還是強(qiáng)調(diào)后者,必須根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷。
然而,是否能由此得出"不是強(qiáng)調(diào)前者,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)后者,二者必居其一"的結(jié)論呢?也不能。有時(shí)候,也可能并不明顯地強(qiáng)調(diào)哪一個(gè)。翻譯時(shí)只要用"以及"、"和"這樣的連詞將前后順連就可以了。例如:
4. Using the multimeter, measure and record the rms values of the input5 as well as the output (volts) in table E2-2.
用萬(wàn)能表測(cè)量并記下表E2-2中輸入量和輸出量的有效值(伏特?cái)?shù))。
5. Air, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow.
空氣和水都是植物生長(zhǎng)所必需的。
6. In many instances it is necessary to consider the rate at which work is done as well as the total amount of work done.
在許多情況下,必須考慮做功的速率以及所做功的總量。
總而言之,as well as用作并列連接詞時(shí),所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前者還是后者,或者二者均不明顯地強(qiáng)調(diào),必須根據(jù)上下文,仔細(xì)斟酌,然后才能判定。
相關(guān)文章:
6.六年級(jí)語(yǔ)文肯定句與否定句知識(shí)點(diǎn)及練習(xí)題