托福閱讀如何更快的拿高分
為了幫助大家備考托福。提高閱讀成績(jī)，打有準(zhǔn)備的仗，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀如何更快的拿高分，希望大家喜歡。
托福閱讀如何更快的拿高分
方法一：快速泛讀(fastextensivereading)
這里講的泛讀是指廣泛閱讀大量涉及不同領(lǐng)域的文章，要求讀得快，理解和掌握文中的主要內(nèi)容就可以。要確定一個(gè)明確的閱讀定額，定額要結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際，可多可少，例如每天讀20頁(yè)。
方法二：計(jì)時(shí)閱讀(timedreading)
計(jì)時(shí)閱讀每次進(jìn)行5～10分鐘即可，不宜太長(zhǎng)。因?yàn)橛?jì)時(shí)快速閱讀，精力高度集中，時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)，容易疲勞，精力分散反而乏味。
方法三：尋讀(Scanning)
尋讀又稱(chēng)查讀，同略讀一樣，尋讀也是一種快速閱讀技巧。
尋讀是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項(xiàng)具體事實(shí)或某一項(xiàng)特定信息，如人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字等，而對(duì)其它無(wú)關(guān)部分略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。
方法四：略讀(skimming)
略讀又稱(chēng)跳讀(readingandskipping)或?yàn)g覽(glancing)，是一種專(zhuān)門(mén)的，非常實(shí)用的快速閱讀技能。
略讀有下列幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
A.以極快的速度閱讀文章，尋找字面上或事實(shí)上的主要信息和少量的闡述信息。
B.可以跳過(guò)某個(gè)部分或某些部分不讀。
C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
托福閱讀練習(xí)：獨(dú)生子女更幸福
常規(guī)想來(lái)，都會(huì)覺(jué)得童年幸福的人性格更加的活躍開(kāi)朗，未來(lái)的人生道路也能順利坦然，然而一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)雷倒眾人：童年幸福長(zhǎng)大更容易離婚。
Those who enjoyed an idyllic childhood could find that life has a nasty trick in store because, it seems, they are more likely to divorce.
那些享受過(guò)幸福童年的人們或許在將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒時(shí)的快樂(lè)在不經(jīng)意間卻埋下了日后導(dǎo)致婚姻破裂的禍根。
Researchers found that men and women with a stable upbringing could have more confidence and so be more ready to leave a failing relationship.
研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程一帆風(fēng)順的人群們對(duì)于個(gè)人也有更多的自信，對(duì)于一段發(fā)展不順的感情關(guān)系也傾向于抽身離開(kāi)。
For the long-term project at Cambridge University, thousands of Britons born in one week in 1946 were studied.
有一項(xiàng)英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)的長(zhǎng)期調(diào)查，研究了在1946年同一周所出生的英國(guó)人。
When they were in their teens, teachers rated them for happiness, friendliness and energy. Problems such as restlessness, disobedience and anxiety were noted.
他們?cè)谏倌陼r(shí)期被認(rèn)為是幸福、有愛(ài)并充滿(mǎn)活力的孩子，不過(guò)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)按燥不安、忤逆不順與焦躁心煩等情況。
Decades later, information about their lives was also collected and analysed. Professor Felicia Huppert, director of the university’s Well-being Institute, commented on the findings on marriage break-up.
數(shù)十載后，研究者們?cè)俣葘?duì)這批人的生活信息進(jìn)行了收集與分析。該項(xiàng)目的主要負(fù)責(zé)人指出了造成該批人群婚姻破裂的緣由。
‘One factor might be that positive children have higher self-esteem than their peers and are more willing to leave a marriage if it is not meeting their needs,’ she said.
“其中的一個(gè)因素是這些積極的孩子通常都有更高的自尊，以至于當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)婚禮以無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足他們的需求時(shí)便更加遠(yuǎn)離結(jié)束這段關(guān)系?！?/p>
Other findings were more predictable.
托福閱讀練習(xí)：性格決定外表
光鮮亮麗的外表并非人人都能擁有，但“相由心生”，性格好的人往往能看起來(lái)更有魅力，為什么呢?來(lái)看看今天的閱讀材料。
If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person, for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.
The study, led by Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr, found that people who exhibit negative traits, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers.
In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.
After personality information was received, participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.
Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability, showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness.
"Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind," said Lewandowski.
The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend, which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and, ultimately, to being viewed as more physically attractive.
The findings remained consistent regardless of how "attractive" the individual was initially perceived to be, or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.
What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?
"This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are," said Lewandowski.
如果你表現(xiàn)出誠(chéng)實(shí)和樂(lè)于助人等美好品質(zhì)，那么別人會(huì)覺(jué)得你的外表也很迷人。一項(xiàng)最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)人的性格會(huì)影響別人對(duì)他或她的外表吸引力的看法。
該項(xiàng)由蓋里 W 勒萬(wàn)多維斯基負(fù)責(zé)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們認(rèn)為，表現(xiàn)出不誠(chéng)實(shí)和粗魯?shù)葠毫悠焚|(zhì)的人外表也不夠吸引人。
研究對(duì)象首先觀(guān)看了一組異性的照片，隨后分別在得知照片中人物的性格特點(diǎn)之前和之后給他們的外表評(píng)分。
研究對(duì)象在得知照片中人物的性格特點(diǎn)后，還對(duì)與其中每個(gè)人交朋友或做戀人的期望值進(jìn)行了評(píng)分。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關(guān)人物性格特點(diǎn)的信息大大改變了之前的喜好度評(píng)分，研究對(duì)象的認(rèn)知過(guò)程改變了他們對(duì)照片中人物外表的評(píng)價(jià)。
勒萬(wàn)多維斯基說(shuō)：“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，如果人們認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的性格較好，那么他們會(huì)覺(jué)得無(wú)論與這個(gè)人做朋友還是做戀人都更合適?！?/p>
研究結(jié)果表明，人們更期望與性格較好的人交朋友、成為戀人，從而會(huì)認(rèn)為他們的外表更迷人。
無(wú)論照片中人物給人的“第一印象”怎樣、或者研究對(duì)象目前的情感關(guān)系狀況以及與伴侶的親密程度如何，研究結(jié)果都是一致的。
勒萬(wàn)多維斯基說(shuō)：“該研究提出了一個(gè)更為積極的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，它提醒人們，性格在很大程度上能決定你的吸引力;性格甚至能夠改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)于你外表的印象。”
托福閱讀考察的深意
原文：
M: Do you know what time the train goes the city?
W: Normally it’s every 20 minutes. But it’s weekend, so I’m not sure.
選項(xiàng)：
(A) Listen to the traffic report on the radio
(B) Take a later train.
(C) Ron to catch the next train.
(D) Check the weekend schedule.
很顯然這里的正確答案為D，因?yàn)樵瓎?wèn)題到了周末時(shí)間表與周1-5不同，因此，最好的選擇方案是看一下周末的時(shí)間表，去找一下準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。
很顯然這里W并沒(méi)有直接的告訴我們要去查詢(xún)時(shí)間表，而是告訴我們周末的時(shí)間不確定，因此我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了她實(shí)際上是在暗示我們要Check the weekend schedule。這就是典型的另有深意。
新托福閱讀也繼承了老托福聽(tīng)力的光榮傳統(tǒng):P，也開(kāi)始為我們大張旗鼓的玩起了另有深意這樣的事情。這一點(diǎn)尤其在新托福TPO里面體現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。
當(dāng)然還是拿真實(shí)例子說(shuō)話(huà)，首先看一下新托福真題TPO1里面的一段。
Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
題目：
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?
A It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.
B It prevents most groundwater from circulating.
C It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.
D It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.
很顯然原文At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water. 為我們提到很難想象，在如此“堅(jiān)實(shí)”的地下，會(huì)有足夠的空間來(lái)盛如此之多的水，這里就很隱晦的告訴我們其實(shí)地下并不“堅(jiān)實(shí)”，而是還有很多的空間，來(lái)盛放groundwater，因此我們得到的正確答案就是C選項(xiàng)，也就是原來(lái)我們行走的這片土地之下還有足夠的能力來(lái)承載如此之多的水。
很顯然，這里也是很隱晦的告訴我們地下空間其實(shí)是很大的。
下面這道題也是一樣。
The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPT
A A mountain valley
B Flat land
C A lake floor
D The seafloor
本題問(wèn)的是到底哪里沒(méi)有沉積呢?
dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. 告訴我們，只有在流速緩慢的地點(diǎn)才會(huì)沉積。但是他不直接告訴我們具體在什么地點(diǎn)，而是讓我們?nèi)ビ眠壿嬐评怼?/p>
因此當(dāng)我們尋找的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)Flat land“平緩之地”毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是流速緩慢的，這樣的地方不會(huì)沉積，然后再告訴我們a river slows on entering a lake or the sea，湖和海洋，也是流速緩慢的地點(diǎn)，自然也不會(huì)沉積。那么唯一會(huì)沉積的地方也就只有上游mountain valley才會(huì)沉積，因?yàn)楹恿髁鹘?jīng)的地點(diǎn)分別是from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land，以及a river slows on entering a lake or the sea。
自然當(dāng)我們排出了Flat land、a lake以及the sea之后，也就只可能剩下mountain valley了。
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