比較級(jí)題型在托福寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用
在托福考試中有個(gè)比較詞就是我們?cè)偈煜げ贿^(guò)的“than”對(duì)于這類題型成為比較級(jí)，那么在托福寫(xiě)作中運(yùn)用比較級(jí)呢，一起跟著小編了解一下具體情況。
比較級(jí)題型在托福寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用
根據(jù)往年的題型，我們把托福寫(xiě)作題型中有比較詞“than” 的題型稱之為比較級(jí)題型，如下面題型所示：
It is more important for a teacher to help students gain self-confidence than to teach specific knowledge.(對(duì)于老師來(lái)說(shuō)，幫助學(xué)生建立自信心比教授具體知識(shí)更加重要。)
It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics.(對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)歷史和文學(xué)比學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)更加重要。)
Physical exercise is more important for older people than younger people.(體育鍛煉對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō)比對(duì)年輕人更重要。)
Good looks and clothing are more important for success than good ideas.(要想獲得成功，漂亮的長(zhǎng)相和著裝比好的思想更重要。)
Relating well with other people is more important to future career success than studying hard at school.(對(duì)未來(lái)職業(yè)成功發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)，與他人搞好關(guān)系比在學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)更重要。)
那么針對(duì)這類題型我們?nèi)绾芜M(jìn)行寫(xiě)作呢?下面我們以具體題型為例進(jìn)行分析：
It is more important for a teacher to help students gain self-confidence than to teach specific knowledge.(對(duì)于老師來(lái)說(shuō)，幫助學(xué)生建立自信心比教授具體知識(shí)更加重要。)
首先，我們可以采用一邊倒結(jié)構(gòu)，它適用于一般的托福作文。它通常是選擇題目中的一個(gè)方面，進(jìn)行贊同或反對(duì)論證。
如：
A1>B1;
A2>B2;
A3>B3;
也就是說(shuō)，
開(kāi)頭段：引言(表明觀點(diǎn))
第二段：贊同理由之一
第三段：贊同理由之二
第四段：贊同理由之三
結(jié)尾段：結(jié)論(呼應(yīng)開(kāi)頭段)
或者，
B1>A1;
B2>A2;
B3>A3;
開(kāi)頭段：引言(表明觀點(diǎn))
第二段：反對(duì)理由之一
第三段：反對(duì)理由之二
第四段：反對(duì)理由之三
結(jié)尾段：結(jié)論(呼應(yīng)開(kāi)頭段)
再或者
A1>B1
A2>B2
B strength /A weakness
開(kāi)頭段：引言(表明觀點(diǎn))
第二段：贊同理由之一
第三段：贊同理由之二
第四段：雖然B strength(to teach specific knowledge也有優(yōu)勢(shì))，或者A weakness(只是幫助學(xué)生獲得自信也有不足之處)，但是總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為A>B。
結(jié)尾段：結(jié)論(呼應(yīng)開(kāi)頭段)
下面我們以這道題為例，具體操作一下：
1. For primary school students especially those who introverts, gaining self-confidence is more important than specific knowledge:(對(duì)于小學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),尤其是那些性格內(nèi)向的小學(xué)生，建立自信比學(xué)習(xí)具體知識(shí)更重要)：
第二段：理由一：enables them to obtain surprising achievements in game. The movie: Facing Giants. Without self-confidence, students wouldn’t have courage to face challenges in study.(建立自信可以幫助孩子在比賽中取得超常的成績(jī)。如電影“面對(duì)巨人”。沒(méi)有自信，學(xué)生就沒(méi)有勇氣克服學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。如果建立自信，他/她也會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)具體知識(shí)。)
第三段：理由二：better performance at school. A study by the University of Texas showed that students who received some expression of confidence in their ability—even while receiving criticism—performed better later on than those who were simply told to aim for higher standards.(在學(xué)校中獲得更好的表現(xiàn)。得克薩斯大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究表明，如果學(xué)生能夠得到對(duì)他們能力自信的表達(dá)，即便同時(shí)也收到了批評(píng)，他們的表現(xiàn)也會(huì)比那些只是被告知要定睛于更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)生更優(yōu)秀。)
第四段：雖然教授學(xué)生具體知識(shí)也非常重要，但是，從教育本身的目的來(lái)說(shuō)，我個(gè)人認(rèn)為建立自信更加重要。
托福寫(xiě)作：教你搞定“非主流”題型
三選一與問(wèn)題分析類題型
【三選一】作為托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中的一類常見(jiàn)題，通常會(huì)基于某個(gè)話題給出三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，讓童鞋們挑選其中一個(gè)認(rèn)為最好的進(jìn)行展開(kāi)討論，例如：
Which way do you think is the best for a student to make friends?
Join a sports team，participate in community activities or travel?
每當(dāng)托?？忌龅竭@樣的題目，內(nèi)心一定是崩潰的，一方面因?yàn)槲覀儗?xiě)慣了二選一比較級(jí)類型題，思路是比較模式化的，然而對(duì)于三選一題目準(zhǔn)備并不充分，導(dǎo)致考場(chǎng)思路嚴(yán)重短路。
【問(wèn)題分析類】是比較罕見(jiàn)的一類題型，但考試碰見(jiàn)這類題型，還是比較蒙圈的，通常是給出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，讓童鞋們分析論證。
如何搞定寫(xiě)作難題?
三選一與問(wèn)題分析類題目作為獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作偏議論文的文體，考生需要在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)自圓其說(shuō)地表明自己的立場(chǎng)，并給出相應(yīng)的論證說(shuō)理和事實(shí)舉例。
三選一，到底選哪個(gè)?
對(duì)于有“糾結(jié)癥”的童鞋，三選一寫(xiě)作就有些困難了，三個(gè)選項(xiàng)看起來(lái)都好有道理的樣子，如何才能表明自己的立場(chǎng)呢?這時(shí)候，你就需要知道考官想要你選哪個(gè)，去“迎合”考官的口味!
托福寫(xiě)作十種高分句式
(一)、否定句
1、Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet. 應(yīng)該教孩子們?nèi)绾螐幕ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)獲取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩電腦游戲。
2、On no account (Under no circumstances)can we ignore the immense value of knowledge. 我們絕不能忽視知識(shí)的巨大價(jià)值。
3、College students take part-time jobs not for more money but for a better understanding of societies. 大學(xué)生參加兼職工作不是為了賺更多錢(qián)，而是為了更好地了解社會(huì)。
4、One’s salary does not depend so much on his educational background as on his ability and contribution to the society. 一個(gè)人的工資與其說(shuō)取決于他的教育背景倒不如說(shuō)取決于他的能力和對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)。
5、In terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. 從營(yíng)養(yǎng)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，快餐遠(yuǎn)非令人滿意。
6、Parents would not expect their children to become useful persons without working hard. 父母?jìng)儾荒苤竿⒆觽儾唤?jīng)過(guò)刻苦努力就可以成才。
(二)、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1、Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality, which is of vital importance to their development in the future. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，實(shí)用性課程可以用于實(shí)際中，這對(duì)于他們未來(lái)發(fā)展是非常重要的。 2、Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful. 孩子們傾向于模仿大眾媒體上的所見(jiàn)所聞，這在有時(shí)是危險(xiǎn)和有害的。 3、The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. 大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力, 這對(duì)他們未來(lái)找工作是非常有好處的.
(三)、讓步句
1、This view is widely acknowledged;however，there is little evidence that smoking is beneficial to people’s health. 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)被廣泛認(rèn)可，然而，幾乎沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明吸煙對(duì)人們健康有利。
2、Although(While) the computer has been widely used in class, it cannot replace the role of teachers. 盡管計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)廣泛用于課堂，但是它不能取代教師的作用。 3、Reasonable as the opinion sounds, it cannot bear much analysis. 雖然這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有道理，但是它經(jīng)不住分析 4、In spite of a lot of conveniences that cars bring to people’s life, they can create a series of serious problems. 盡管汽車給人們的生活帶來(lái)了許多便利，但是也產(chǎn)生了一系列嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。
(四)、It引導(dǎo)的句子
1、It is hard to imagine what our life would look like without computers in modern society. 很難想象如果現(xiàn)代社會(huì)沒(méi)有了計(jì)算機(jī)，我們的生活會(huì)變成什么樣子。
2、It is conceivable that being physically active does good to health. 可想而知，積極參加體育活動(dòng)有利于身體健康。
3、It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not. 女性是否應(yīng)該參軍是一個(gè)非常有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。
4、It is universally acknowledged that water and air are indispensable to human beings. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，水和空氣對(duì)人類不可缺少。
5、It is essential that endangered species of animals be protected against being killed. 保護(hù)瀕危的動(dòng)物物種免遭殘殺是必需的。
6、It is high time that the government took effective measures to resolve these problems. 該是政府采取有效措施來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。
7、It has been made easier for modern people to communicate with each other by the internet in a few seconds. 現(xiàn)代人很容易通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在幾秒鐘內(nèi)就取得聯(lián)系。
8、It is worth caring about the way a child behaves. 關(guān)心孩子們的行為方式是值得的。
9、It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水難收。
10、It has been a few decades since the computer came into being. 自從計(jì)算機(jī)問(wèn)世以來(lái)已經(jīng)有幾十年的時(shí)間了。
(五)、假設(shè)句
1、If we destroy old buildings, then we will ruin the traditional culture and heritage. 如果我們推倒老房子，就要破壞傳統(tǒng)的文化和遺產(chǎn)。
2、You would miss the chance to interact with other students if you used internet at home. 假如你在家上網(wǎng)，你就會(huì)失去與其他同學(xué)交流的機(jī)會(huì)。
3、Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the danger of being unemployed. 一旦你變換了現(xiàn)在的工作，就面臨著失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)。
(六)、倒裝句
1、Only in this way can the problem be tackled properly. 只有這樣才能妥善地解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
2、Only when children take arduous efforts can they become successful. 只有當(dāng)孩子們付出艱苦的努力他們才能獲得成功。
3、Not only does studying in school serve academic purpose, but students learn how to handle interpersonal relations. 在校學(xué)習(xí)不僅為了學(xué)術(shù)目的，而且還可以學(xué)會(huì)如何處理人際關(guān)系。
4、Under no circumstances should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly. 青少年決不應(yīng)當(dāng)盲從大眾媒體上的不良信息。
5、So valuable is water that we cannot afford to waste it. 時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。
6、Nowadays, most dangerous for youngsters is the tendency to indulge in playing PC games. 如今對(duì)青少年最為危險(xiǎn)的事情是傾向于過(guò)多地玩電腦游戲。
(七)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1、It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal species.正是為了維持生態(tài)平衡，人類才應(yīng)該保護(hù)地球上瀕危的動(dòng)物物種。
2、It is not until people suffer from some fatal diseases such as SARS and AIDS that they are becoming aware of how significant it is for the government to invest more money in medical care. 直到人們患了像非典和愛(ài)滋病這樣致命的疾病時(shí)，才意識(shí)到政府把更多的錢(qián)投入到醫(yī)療上的重要性。
3、Nothing in the world is more valuable than health.
(八)、比較句
1、Studies show that juvenile delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent families as for those in traditional households. (同級(jí)比較)研究表明來(lái)自單親家庭的青少年犯罪率是來(lái)自傳統(tǒng)家庭的兩倍。
2、Generally speaking, people in modern times enjoy less leisure time than they did previously. (比較級(jí))一般說(shuō)來(lái)，現(xiàn)代人比過(guò)去享有更少的休閑時(shí)間。
3、Compared with those with different abilities, children with intelligence do more well in their school work and intelligence tests. 與不同能力的孩子相比，聰明的孩子在學(xué)業(yè)和智力測(cè)驗(yàn)方面表現(xiàn)更加突出。
4、Contrary to pop stars, other professionals like doctors and teachers create the true value for their society. 與明星不同，其他專業(yè)人員如醫(yī)生和教師為社會(huì)創(chuàng)造了真正的價(jià)值。
5、Air is to human what (as) water is to fish. 空氣對(duì)人類就如同水對(duì)魚(yú)一樣。
(九)、插入語(yǔ)
1、Computers, most important of all, create wide communication around the world. 最重要的是，計(jì)算機(jī)在世界范圍內(nèi)建立了廣泛的交流。
2、Providing more parking areas, in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the world. 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的利益來(lái)看，提供更多的停車位被證實(shí)是許多世界大城市切實(shí)可行的出路。
3、Observing local culture, consciously and unconsciously, can reduce the chance of offending the locals, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even conflict. 無(wú)論是否意識(shí)到，遵循當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕梢詼p少冒犯當(dāng)?shù)厝说臋C(jī)會(huì)，否則，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致尷尬甚至沖突。
4、Space exploration, some people believe, will bring some unexpected discoveries. 有人相信空間探索將會(huì)帶來(lái)意想不到的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
(十)、原因句
1、Violent films can do harm to young people, because they contains numerous negative information. 暴力影片對(duì)年輕人是有害的，因?yàn)槠渲邪罅控?fù)面信息。
2、Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal extinction. 野生動(dòng)物滅絕的主要責(zé)任在人類。
3、We should attribute (ascribe)medical advances to the animals which do substantial contributions to the experiment. 我們應(yīng)該把醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展歸因于動(dòng)物對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
4、Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one of the most serious problems. 由于人口過(guò)剩，水短缺已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。
5、Owing to the fierce competition in today’s world, a great many young people find themselves under great pressure. 由于當(dāng)今世界的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，大量的年輕人承受巨大的壓力。
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比較級(jí)題型在托福寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用
