托福寫作高分必備策略
想要提高托福寫作分?jǐn)?shù)，你得掌握好方法，并且把方法運(yùn)用在寫作上，背好單詞。備下模板，在考試的時候一擊即中。現(xiàn)在小編就給大家分享一些托福寫作高分必備策略。
托福寫作高分你得這么做!
寫作高分必備：
1.教師指導(dǎo)寫作高分技巧
2.不斷實(shí)踐高分技巧
3.教師指點(diǎn)修改
技巧
1.學(xué)會快速審題-根據(jù)題干，判斷題型，決定解題方式.
2.學(xué)會快速展開文章結(jié)構(gòu)-具體包括開頭段，論點(diǎn)，讓步段，結(jié)尾段的具體展開技巧和語言點(diǎn).
3.學(xué)會多樣化展開中間段部分-學(xué)會寫例子，細(xì)節(jié)，重邏輯串聯(lián)，忌細(xì)節(jié)堆砌.
修改
寫作高分，除了以上所提到的掌握技巧意外，另外需要的是各位寶寶們的不斷踐行;對于基礎(chǔ)一般的同學(xué)一開始的過程會被罵的狗血淋頭，因?yàn)槲恼聭K不忍睹;等作文能夠穩(wěn)定24分左右以后;你所需要做的事情就是將那些寫的已經(jīng)能看的作文，通過教師指導(dǎo)修改成一篇真正的高分文章，最后一步嘛;當(dāng)然就是背背背啦!這可比漫無目的的去背誦各式各樣的范文提升的要快的多;因?yàn)槟闼痴b的文章思路是你自己的，大部分的語言組織也是你自己的。
下面就向各位寶寶們展示下什么叫做一篇投入心血的精心批改(黃色為題目;黑色為未批改的作文;紅色為批改和建議部分;藍(lán)色為整體評語);
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Environmental issues can be solved or improved in the future. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
文章優(yōu)勢：觀點(diǎn)鮮明，結(jié)構(gòu)明確，有例子和細(xì)節(jié)，語言表達(dá)尚可
需要改進(jìn)的地方： 1.小語法錯誤 2.語言表達(dá)比較啰嗦 3.邏輯上很多地方不準(zhǔn)確 4.致命傷：中間段2論點(diǎn)不切題， 段落內(nèi)的論證邏輯不清晰。
這篇文章企圖從兩個角度論證環(huán)境會變好：
1.現(xiàn)在全球政府已經(jīng)意識到，且開始行動- 第一段主體段邏輯沒有問題
2.普通人的意識也正在逐漸養(yǎng)成。- 第二段主題段論點(diǎn)不扣題- 不應(yīng)該表達(dá)：提出環(huán)境保護(hù)意識是有效的措施。而應(yīng)該表達(dá)為： 跟過去比起來，現(xiàn)在的人們已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了保護(hù)環(huán)境的意識。 言下之意，就是現(xiàn)在和將來的人們會主動的去保護(hù)環(huán)境。
Some people consider that environmental problems can be more awful in the future for they believe that the more advent technology, the more pollution will come out(想表達(dá)科技越先進(jìn)，污染問題越多 應(yīng)該改為， the more advanced the technology is, the more environmental problems would pop up).(建議整個句子修改為：In today’s society, many people consider the environment problems could be more awful in the future for the advent of more technological products like the automobile would lead to more serious environmental contamination) However, I believe that environment will be better tomorrow because the every country of the world have been going to take action to face the circumstance issues and human have recognized the importance of protecting surroundings as time goes on(去掉the, 謂語動詞三單，介詞of改為the 時態(tài)改為完成式即可——- because every country in the world has prepared to take action to resolve environmental issue and the public has already recognized the importance of environmental conservation as time goes by ).
To begin with, environmental issues have become a major matter of concern for a number of countries. (添加過渡性短語- In this way,) This fact has led them to come up with many measures to solve the environmental problems(去掉后面的the 即 solve environmental problems). For instance, The United Nations Climate Change conference which about 192 countries attended was held in 2009, it aimed to discuss and put forward acts to cope with climatic change problems(第一個專有名詞后面從句改為：The United Nations Climate Change conference attended by 192 countries was held in 2009 with the collective goal, that is, coping with the issue of climate change). There is no doubt that(少用套句，改為： Undoubtedly,) it has good impact on the tendency of changing climate on the Earth(這句話語言表達(dá)和上一句有重復(fù)且時態(tài)表達(dá)有問題 改為: the conference was a good start symbolizing the cooperation of the whole world to address environmental issue). And this is a know as‘ save the human last chance ’of the meeting(不要另起一句，直接and并列句 即改為： … and it was known as a meeting of last chance to salvage human beings). Furthermore, more and more solar cars are produced, which are made to save energy to protect environment(furthermore表示遞進(jìn)or并列此處邏輯上不是很強(qiáng)， 改為：as a consequence, the number of solar vehicles has experienced a dramatic increase. ). In a word, all of the actions are in order to prevent our Earth from destroying( in order to如此用絕對的中式英文，且總結(jié)的句子表達(dá)出來的意思并不能幫忙總結(jié)這個段落，應(yīng)該與論點(diǎn)呼應(yīng)，表達(dá)出的大致意義應(yīng)該是：因此可以看出，全球已經(jīng)意識到環(huán)境問題，且政府以及采取了很多行動， 與下一段形成呼應(yīng) 下一段應(yīng)該以“普通人也養(yǎng)成了保護(hù)環(huán)境得意時”。 所以應(yīng)該改成： In a word, governments throughout the world have reached an agreement to protect the environment and taken immediate effective and potent measures to avert continual environmental deterioration).
In addition, raising environmental awareness can be an effective method to prevent and control pollution(論點(diǎn)扣題，應(yīng)該改為： In addition, current individuals have already cultivated the awareness of environmental preservation and contributed a lot to environmental protection). In contemporary society (in the …), many more people are concern about the environmental situation (are concerned about/ current environmental situation) . Another example of Beijing, which used to be an auto-dependent city, Shrouded by smothering smog for years, residents in Beijing have totally realized the severe consequences brought by heavy smog and are fully motivated to reduce the number of private cars, burn clean fuels and lead a low-carbon life (句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是：北京被霧霾籠罩很多年，因此北京人知道了后果，開始被激勵去減少適用私家車，燃燒干凈能源，過低碳生活。 首先邏輯上：這句話的中文實(shí)際就不是很扣論點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該改為，北京人意識到霧霾的后果，開始養(yǎng)成了后續(xù)的這些習(xí)慣。 其次語言上： 北京被霧霾籠罩缺乏謂語。 建議整句話改為;Since citizens in Beijing shrouded by smothering smog for years realize the severe consequences of environmental pollution, they have gradually developed the habit of reducing the frequency of driving private cars, burning clean fuels and leading a low-carbon life). Therefore, government are required to offer more courses, videos and reports useful for raising public awareness on environmental protection in order to create a pleasant ecological environment with cleaner air(這句話的邏輯不通， 作者觀點(diǎn)環(huán)境未來會變好， 這段的論證思路是; 普通人意識到保護(hù)環(huán)境-例子;北京人受到霧霾影響，因此改變了習(xí)慣。 接下來不應(yīng)該說因此， 政府需要去提供更多課。 作者應(yīng)該這樣去表達(dá)， 與此同時，現(xiàn)在的政府也會去做一些事情去加強(qiáng)人們的意識。所以這句應(yīng)該改為： Meanwhile, the government also endeavors to strengthen people’s awareness of environmental protection by offering more public courses and related educational TV programs to create a favorable ecological environment). The example shows that our environmental circumstances will gradually get better(總結(jié)句依然不扣題，應(yīng)該改為，因此可以看出，現(xiàn)在普通人的行為已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變，他們的環(huán)保意識有利于將來環(huán)境質(zhì)量的提升。所以表達(dá)為： Apparently, the behavior of common people has been changed and their strong consciousness of environmental protection is beneficial to the improvement of future environmental quality).
All in all, our environment will get better tomorrow. I feel hopeful that many more countries is going to take steps to face the environmental problems and more and more people have consciousness on the environmental protection. (小語法錯誤，另外句子不夠精煉，謂語動詞三單，is-are。 整句建議改為; the efforts made by both the worldwide governments and ordinary individuals can explain why I am convinced that environment in the near future will be improved. )
避免托福寫作五大錯誤開頭
一：中式英文人見人暈
典型失敗案例：Topic 1-The happiest moment in your life
In our life， there are always some moments which make your heart flower opened angrily……
Topic 2- The population problem
The population problem is a very big problem。 For example， in the city centers of Shanghai， we can always see people mountain people sea there。
Topic3- Is there fairness in today’s business world?
I think in today’s society， there is no fairness in the business world。 For example， I always chopped when I go out buy things……
Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person
Being a nice person have many advantage。 I believe if a people always do bad things， he will get “baoying”。
二：廢話連篇不知所云
典型失敗案例： Topic 1-Should college students be allowed to get married?
This topic is very interesting。 I’m very interested in talking about this topic。 Because I’m also a college student and I’m not married……
修改方案：開門見山 直奔主題
In my opinion， it would not be a wise decision to allow college students to get married。
Topic 2-Will modern technology， such as the Internet， ever replace the book or the writing word as the sole source of information?
Ok， this topic is a very good topic。 First， let me tell you a story： I have a friend， he likes go on the internet very much。 Every day， he uses internet to read news or play internet games。 So we can see the internet is more and more important in our daily life。
Topic 3-The importance of environmental protection
Oh， this topic is surely very important。 Isn’t it? Of course! It’s really very very important!
三：語法錯誤慘不忍睹
典型失敗案例：Topic-If children behave badly， should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?
About this problem， my think is if children behave badly， then parents are not right。 Because teach child is parent’s responsibility。 So we also punish parents too besides children is also should。
四：觀點(diǎn)模糊態(tài)度曖昧
典型失敗案例： Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?
I think this topic is very hard to say。 Because I am still very little， only 17， and not married， so this topic is very difficult for me……
五：偏離主題無軌電車
典型失敗案例：Topic-It is said that nowadays one can not acquire the qualifications and quality essential to success through university education。 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
I think to success， we must have a lot of important qualities。 To have these important qualities， we must learn a lot of things， for example， English， music tools， and etc。 We can learn these qualities from our teachers， our friends and from books。 All in all， we can learn from many places。
托福寫作備考策略之獨(dú)立話題
選取2016年9月獨(dú)立機(jī)經(jīng)部分題目
1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large ones. Which do you prefer and why?
2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.
3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed in the following do you prefer?
Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to benefit all
Build a sports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.
4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they are today.
6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to make decisions on their own.
7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.
8.We should state our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.
9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.
10.People spend too much time communication through social media and text messages.
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
12.Technology designed to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.
14.It is as important for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.
15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achieve success.
16.It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal life.
實(shí)用方法介紹
丨1.常用論點(diǎn)/理由
針對獨(dú)立寫作的常見話題，大致可歸成三類：個人類(關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)、工作、休閑、做人的選擇);古今類(題目中有明顯的now… past … 讓考生判斷現(xiàn)在和過去在某一方面的比較);決策類(題目中通常有g(shù)overnment這個詞出現(xiàn)，討論政府的投資或者政策，有些題目雖然沒有g(shù)overnment這個詞出現(xiàn)，但如果涉及的是有社會影響力的話題，也可以劃為政府類，比如 A/D Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.)
1)個人類常用理由
學(xué)知識、練技能、拓展視野……..
工作機(jī)會、賺錢…….
交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、溝通) …….
品質(zhì)(自信，獨(dú)立，堅(jiān)持，樂觀 ) / 興趣愛好
身體健康、放松心情…….
省時間、省錢、省精力………..
2)古今類常用理由
現(xiàn)代社會的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
教育: 先進(jìn)全面鼓勵個性
工作：種類豐富機(jī)會多
醫(yī)療：治愈緩解更多疾病
技術(shù)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子產(chǎn)品汽車
公共設(shè)施：便利的交通娛樂購物餐飲
法律制度：保障個人權(quán)利
媒體：揭露真相傳播信息
人與人：互動頻繁、方便
經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步：更充裕的錢和無助
世界和平：更少的戰(zhàn)爭傷亡
現(xiàn)代社會的缺點(diǎn)：
環(huán)境問題(污染，能源消耗)
生活壓力(學(xué)習(xí)，工作)
欺騙敲詐
3)決策類常用思路
注：除了使用個人類常用理由，針對決策類這種和政府相關(guān)有社會影響力的題目，建議多角度討論，一下是常見的討論角度：
1.大眾 individuals
對我們有什么用?(放松健康省錢知識關(guān)系等等)
是不是我們每個人都需要的?(大多數(shù)/ 小眾)
2. 相關(guān)群體relativegroups
題目中談?wù)摰降谋热鏰rtists,scientists, athletes 等等
3. 企業(yè)companies
企業(yè)有錢，可以代替政府去投資有利可圖的領(lǐng)域
4. 社會 Society
Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement …
丨2.對比段
通常來說，托福獨(dú)立寫作的論證寫3段，上文介紹了最基本的常用理由，但有時候，因?yàn)楦鞣N原因只想出2個理由的時候，可以寫一段對比段，即把對比論證寫一段。
具體案例參考第三部分的機(jī)經(jīng)詳解
丨3.讓步段
除了對比段之外，讓步段也可以解決只有2個理由缺少第三個段落的問題。
具體案例參考第三部分的機(jī)經(jīng)詳解
丨4.拆分法/分情況討論
針對一些比較抽象的獨(dú)立寫作話題，我們可以分情況討論，或者對于關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定義和拆分，在更加具體的情況下方便論證。
具體案例參考第三部分的機(jī)經(jīng)詳解
丨5.檢驗(yàn)論點(diǎn)
沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，這是獨(dú)立解題最自由的地方。但這并不意味著什么樣的理由都可以作為論點(diǎn)并且展開段落的。課堂上，一些學(xué)生可以馬上相處三個理由，但仔細(xì)探究，可能只有一個理由是可以作為論點(diǎn)的。
這里說一下三個檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1.支持觀點(diǎn) 2. 論點(diǎn)相互不重疊 3. 易于展開
丨6.靈活調(diào)整
根據(jù)ETS的出題，我們知道，題目是千變?nèi)f化的，為了幫助學(xué)生更好的應(yīng)對，老師們會總結(jié)出一些實(shí)用方法，對學(xué)生來說，比死記硬別、生搬硬套更重要的是，在題目的練習(xí)中，去運(yùn)用這些方法，并且靈活的調(diào)整。
如果覺得一些常用理由不適合支持某一道題，那么就放棄這個理由;
如果只想出兩個理由，那么可以加一個讓步段或者對比段;
如果一道題直接用常用理由去支持很難，可以試著拆分法;
如果完全同意/不同意很難，可以試著兩邊倒;
如果題目中有絕對詞，可以部分同意/不同意。
... ...
實(shí)用方法在題目中的具體運(yùn)用
使用第一部分的9月機(jī)經(jīng)部分題目
1.Some students prefer to havetheir final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas othersprefer to have their grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do youprefer and why?
觀點(diǎn)：small assignments
論點(diǎn)1：輕松
論點(diǎn)2：知識(學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí);老師備課)
論點(diǎn)3：對比段/讓步段
2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.
觀點(diǎn)：agree
論點(diǎn)1：來自領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的尊重要員工更快樂積極
論點(diǎn)2：員工的參與促進(jìn)想法的完善
論點(diǎn)3：對比段
3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listed in the following do you prefer?
1)Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment to benefit all
2)Build asports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.
版本A：
觀點(diǎn)：選1)
論點(diǎn)1：relaxing
論點(diǎn)2：used byeveryone
論點(diǎn)3：讓步段(承認(rèn)2的好處指出顯著缺點(diǎn)即優(yōu)惠了一小部分人不公平)
版本B：
觀點(diǎn)：選2)
論點(diǎn)1：healthy
論點(diǎn)2：mentality
論點(diǎn)3：補(bǔ)充建議(允許周末開放給市民)
4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle andhealthy eating.
觀點(diǎn)：Disagree
論點(diǎn)1： knowledge 宣傳健康飲食的知識( 課程廣告 )
論點(diǎn)2： pressure 減少學(xué)習(xí)和工作壓力
論點(diǎn)3： money 建設(shè)更多更便宜的運(yùn)動場所減輕人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)
注：這道題，用個人類的常用理由就可以解決，那么久不用多角度思考了~
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they aretoday.
觀點(diǎn)：Disagree
論點(diǎn)1：經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步大家有時間和精力改善社區(qū)
論點(diǎn)2：溝通方便更好的解決社區(qū)問題
論點(diǎn)3：普遍受過教育有能力解決問題
注：三個古今類的常用理由，現(xiàn)代社會的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
6.In the past, young people depended ontheir parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to makedecisions on their own.
觀點(diǎn)：Agree
論點(diǎn)1：Internet –豐富信息
論點(diǎn)2：Education – 培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立
論點(diǎn)3：對比段
7.It is betterto relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.
版本A：
觀點(diǎn)：Physical exercise
論點(diǎn)1：health
論點(diǎn)2：cooperation
論點(diǎn)3：make friends
論點(diǎn)4：release pressure
論點(diǎn)5：讓步段/對比段
注：有些題目，可以相處很多個有效論點(diǎn)，那就選擇自己覺得好寫的展開～
版本B：
觀點(diǎn)：TV book
論點(diǎn)1：convenience;
論點(diǎn)2：knowledge andinspiration
論點(diǎn)3：讓步段/對比段
8.We shouldstate our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.
觀點(diǎn)：agree
論點(diǎn)1：家庭
論點(diǎn)2：朋友
論點(diǎn)3：學(xué)習(xí)/工作
注：用拆分法解這道題，即把說實(shí)話放在生活中的三大場景下，便于進(jìn)行具體論證
9.In order tosucceed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.
版本A：
觀點(diǎn)：Bothimportant
論點(diǎn)1：知識– 獨(dú)立解決問題&自信
論點(diǎn)2：適應(yīng)能力–效率&輕松
注：兩邊倒的題目，兩個支持對象的各寫一段，每一段設(shè)立有1-2個小論點(diǎn)，這樣不用擔(dān)心字?jǐn)?shù)~
版本B：
觀點(diǎn)：Agree
論點(diǎn)1：get alongwith different people
論點(diǎn)2：learn newknowledge
論點(diǎn)3：adjustmentality
注：對適應(yīng)能力進(jìn)行拆分，解讀成和不同的人相處的能力、學(xué)習(xí)新知識的能力、調(diào)整心態(tài)的能力，這些都比固有的接觸知識更重要，因?yàn)?，世界一直在變啊~
10.Peoplespend too much time communication through social media and text messages.
觀點(diǎn)：Disagree
論點(diǎn)1：Relaxing
論點(diǎn)2：Improvefriendship
論點(diǎn)3： Learning
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
版本1：Agree 常用理由 -mood - efficiency - opportunity
版本2：Agree 拆分法- 家庭禮貌- 工作禮貌 - 社交禮貌
12.Technologydesigned to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
agree
1) car –traffic jam; air pollution
2) internet – too much information to handle; false and misleading
3) digital devices – distraction (music; games; chat; online shopping)
注：把technology 拆分成三個主要方面，汽車、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電子設(shè)備
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to movies andprograms made in other countries.
觀點(diǎn)：both interesting
Own country:1 共鳴理解2 喜歡的演員
Foreign country:1拓展視野2精彩的畫面
14.It is asimportant for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.
Agree
版本1：拆分法(對學(xué)習(xí)新知識詮釋)
1 學(xué)習(xí)健康知識
2 培養(yǎng)愛好
3 學(xué)習(xí)使用電腦上網(wǎng)
版本2：常用理由
1 mentalhealth
2improve convenience
3communication with young people
15.To remainhappy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achievesuccess.
Agree
1)mentalhealth
2)stimulateimprovement
3 )讓步段(承認(rèn)成功是可喜的但是生活的常態(tài)就是一直失敗、努力、克服苦難、獲得成功，也就是說，成功是個結(jié)果，那么占據(jù)生活主要的是那個過程，所以為了健康以及持久的成功，樂觀積極更重要)
16.It is importantto know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect yourpersonal life.
Agree
版本1：常用理由
1)relaxing
2)knowledge
3)communication
版本2：拆分法
1)medicalnews – health
2)political news – safety
3)economic news – money
托福寫作技巧
1.在托福寫作的直接引語中，句首字母要大寫。例如：“Then，”I said，“You havebeen making a mistake，and the letter is not in the apartment?！薄澳敲?，”我說，“你準(zhǔn)弄錯了，這封信并不在那棟房子里?！?/p>
2.星期、月份名稱的第一個字母要大寫，但季節(jié)第一個字母不大寫。例如：Sunday星期天，August八月，winter冬天，spring春天。
3.一些大型節(jié)日名稱的第一個實(shí)詞的第一字母都要大寫。如：Children's Day兒童節(jié)，National Day國慶節(jié)， Teachers' Day教師節(jié)。
4.由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞詞組，除其中的冠詞、較短的介詞和連詞外，每個詞的第一字母都要大寫。例如：the Great Wall長城，the United States美國。
5.大型會議、文件、條約名稱的每個實(shí)詞(虛詞：副詞、介詞、連詞、助詞、嘆詞和擬聲詞則不用大寫)的第一個字母都要大寫。書名、報刊名應(yīng)大寫首字母，文章標(biāo)題中的每一個實(shí)詞的第一個字母要大寫。如：China Daily《中國日報》，New York Times《紐約時報》，Their Class《他們的班級》(文章標(biāo)題)，the Warsaw Treaty《華沙條約》，實(shí)例：English Coaching Paper《英語輔導(dǎo)報》。
6.托福作文中的詩歌每一行的第一個單詞的第一個字母要大寫。
7. 表示稱呼語或職務(wù)的詞首字母要大寫。實(shí)例：Mr Green格林先生， Dr Lee李博士。
8.大多數(shù)的縮略詞要大寫。實(shí)例：CCTV(中國中央電視臺)， ID(身份證)， CD(光盤)。
9.句子開頭的第一個字母要大寫?！癐(我)”在句中任何位置都要大寫。例如：What's her name?Mary and I are teachers。
10.地名、國名和人名等專有名詞第一個字母要大寫。例如：Russia(俄羅斯)，Youyang(酉陽)，Chengdu(成都)，Jack(杰克)。
11.一些親屬關(guān)系(如mother，sister，mum，dad等)用作稱呼語時第一個字母要大寫。例如：Thank you，Granny。謝謝你，姥姥。
12.人名前的稱呼或頭銜第一個字母應(yīng)大寫。例如：Mr Smith，Dr Wang，Miss Mary。
13.表示語種、民族的名詞或形容詞第一個字母要大寫。例如：Russian俄語、俄羅斯人(的)，Chinese漢語、中國人(的)。
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