關于在英語寫作中可加分的現(xiàn)在完成時句型使用方法分享
關于在英語寫作中可加分的現(xiàn)在完成時句型使用方法分享
關于現(xiàn)在完成時我相信應該有很多孩子都是弄不清楚的,小編也是,在寫作文的時候總是用不對這個語法,今天就讓小編為大家整理一份超級詳細的現(xiàn)在完成時使用方法吧,一起來學習一下吧。
現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結構一
肯定句:主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他
否定句:主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)
現(xiàn)在完成時的用法二
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,強調的是現(xiàn)在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已經(jīng)郵寄出了照片。
與此種用法連用的時間狀語時一些模糊的過去時間狀語,如already(肯定句句中), yet(否定句/疑問句句尾), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時也可用來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時刻,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)
此種用法常與for(+時間段),since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用。謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。
有些瞬間動詞可變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動詞:
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
現(xiàn)在完成時常見考法三
對于現(xiàn)在完成時的考查,多以單選、句型轉換或詞語運用的形式考查學生在具體語境中靈活運用時態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時,或者是考查“瞬間動詞”不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用”這一知識點。
【典型例題】
His father_____the party since 1978
A.joind
B.has joined
C.was in
D.has been in
答案:D
解析:本題考查學生對現(xiàn)在完成時的熟練掌握。 since 1978表達“自從1978年一直到現(xiàn)在”,表示這件事情從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應該用現(xiàn)在完成時,而且動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,A、B均為瞬間動詞,不能與時間段連用,故排除;C為一般過去時,也不行。
比較一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的異同四
1. 共同點:動作都是在過去完成。
I saw the film yesterday evening.
I have seen the film before.
(看電影這件事都是在過去完成的。)
2. 區(qū)別:
?、佻F(xiàn)在完成時強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結果,而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系,只是說明某個動作發(fā)生的時間是在過去。
?、谝话氵^去時通常與具體明確的過去時間狀語連用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago,just now,in 2002 等;而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的過去時間狀語和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段時間的狀語連用。
【典型例題】
—______ you your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished
B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished
答案:B
解析:本題考查一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別。問句中的yet表明應該用現(xiàn)在完成時,而回答中的a moment ago 是一個明確的過去時間狀語,應該用一般過去時。
過去分詞的規(guī)則變化五
動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化相同。
?、?一般情況下,在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
?、?以“ e ”結尾的動詞,只在詞尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
?、?以“輔音字母 + y ”結尾的動詞,將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
?、?重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped
過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化六
一、AAA型(原形→原形→原形)
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
read | read | read | 讀 |
cut | cut | cut | 切,割 |
let | let | let | 讓 |
put | put | put | 放 |
cost | cost | cost | 花費,值 |
hit | hit | hit | 撞,擊 |
set | set | set | 安排,安置 |
hurt | hurt | hurt | 使…傷痛 |
bet | bet | bet | 賭博,打賭 |
cast | cast | cast | 拋 |
二、ABA型(原形→過去式→原形)
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
become | became | become | 成為 |
come | came | come | 來 |
run | ran | run | 跑 |
throw | threw | thrown | 扔 |
三、ABC型
1. ow →ew →own
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
draw | drew | drawn | 畫 |
grow | grew | grown | 生長 |
know | knew | known | 知道 |
2. i→a →u
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
begin | began | begun | 開始 |
drink | drank | drunk | 喝 |
sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
ring | rang | rung | 打電話 |
3. 原形→過去式→過去式+(e)n
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
speak | spoke | spoken | 說 |
freeze | froze | frozen | 凍 |
choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
drive | drove | driven | 駕駛 |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | 誤解 |
rise | rose | risen | 上升 |
shake | shook | shaken | 搖 |
4. 原形→過去式→原形+(e)n
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | 禁止 |
give | gave | given | 給 |
ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
see | saw | seen | 看見 |
write | wrote | written | 寫 |
fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
break | broke | broken | 打破,折斷 |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | 原諒;寬恕 |
5. 無規(guī)律
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
am/is | was | been | 是 |
are | were | been | 是 |
do | did | done | 做 |
go | went | gone | 走 |
take | took | taken | 拿 |
四、ABB型
1. 原形→ought →ought
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
buy | bought | bought | 買 |
fight | fought | fought | 打架 |
think | thought | thought | 思考 |
seek | sought | sought | 尋求 |
2. 原形→aught →aught
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
catch | caught | caught | 捉,抓 |
teach | taught | taught | 教 |
3. 變其中一個元音字母
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
feed | fed | fed | 喂 |
meet | met | met | 遇見 |
get | got | got | 得到 |
hold | held | held | 擁有 |
babysit | babysat | babysat | 臨時照看 |
sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
win | won | won | 贏 |
find | found | found | 發(fā)現(xiàn) |
bend | bent | bent | 使彎曲 |
dig | dug | dug | 挖 |
lead | led | led | 引導 |
sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
4. 原形→□t→□t
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
feel | felt | felt | 感到 |
keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
leave | left | left | 離開 |
sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
sweep | swept | swept | 掃 |
smell | smelt | smelt | 聞;發(fā)出氣味 |
retell | retold | retold | 復述 |
5. 變其中一個輔音字母
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
build | built | built | 建造 |
hear | heard | heard | 聽見 |
make | made | made | 制造 |
mean | meant | meant | 意思 |
send | sent | sent | 送,寄 |
spend | spent | spent | 花費 |
deal | dealt | dealt | 處理 |
rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | 重建 |
lend | lent | lent | 借貸 |
6.輔音字母和元音字母都變
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
have | had | had | 有,吃 |
lay | lain | lain | 放 |
lose | lost | lost | 丟失 |
pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
say | said | said | 說 |
sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
tell | told | told | 告訴 |
stand | stood | stood | 站 |
misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | 誤解 |
shoot | shot | shot | 放炮;開 |
understand | understood | understood | 理解 |
五、AAB型
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
beat | beat | beaten | 打敗 |
六、有兩種形式
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
bear | bore | born | 生 |
bore | borne | ||
hang | hanged | hanged | 吊死 |
hung | hung | 掛 | |
learn | learned | learned | 學 |
learnt | learnt | ||
lie | lied | lied | 說謊 |
lay | lain | 躺 | |
show | showed | showed | 給……看 |
showed | shown | ||
spell | spelled | spelled | 拼寫 |
spelt | spelt | ||
burn | burned | burned | 燒 |
burnt | burnt | ||
smell | smelled | smelled | 聞 |
smelt | smelt | ||
shine | shined | shined | 照耀 |
shone | shone | ||
dream | dreamed | dreamed | 做夢 |
dreamt | dreamt | ||
wake | waked | waked | 醒 |
woke | woken | ||
hide | hid | hid | 躲藏 |
hid | hidden | ||
bite | bit | bit | 咬 |
bit | bitten | ||
light | lighted | iighted | 點著 |
lit | lit | ||
prove | proved | proved | 證明 |
proved | proven | ||
quit | quit | quit | 放棄 |
quited | quited | ||
rid | rid | rid | 免除;去掉 |
ridded | ridded | ||
saw | sawed | sawed | 鋸 |
sawed | sawn | ||
sew | sewed | sewed | 縫紉 |
sewed | sown | ||
shine | shone | shone | 發(fā)光;閃亮 |
shined | shined | ||
sink | sank | sunk | 下沉 |
sank | sunken | ||
sow | sowed | sowed | 種植 |
sowed | sown | ||
spit | spat | spat | 吐 |
spit | spit | ||
spring | sprang | sprung | 跳躍 |
sprung | sprung | ||
wet | wet | wet | 浸濕;弄濕 |
wetted | wetted |
七、情態(tài)動詞
原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 漢語意思 |
can | could | ∕ | 能 |
may | might | ∕ | 也許 |
must | ∕ | ∕ | 必須 |
shall | should | ∕ | 將要 |
will | would | ∕ | 會 |
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