托福寫(xiě)作考試界面如何操作
對(duì)于初入托??荚噥?lái)說(shuō),雖然可以開(kāi)始備考托福寫(xiě)作的各種技巧和寫(xiě)作素材,但是對(duì)于托福寫(xiě)作考試的操作還不會(huì)是很了解的。而想要在考試中有理想的發(fā)揮,對(duì)于操作界面的了解又是非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。一起了解一下吧!
托福寫(xiě)作考試界面如何操作
托福寫(xiě)作先是綜合寫(xiě)作20min,然后是獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作30min。
綜合寫(xiě)作的界面是什么?
進(jìn)入到綜合寫(xiě)作界面,首先是左邊出現(xiàn)限時(shí)3分鐘的閱讀材料,3分鐘后材料會(huì)自動(dòng)消失,開(kāi)始播放聽(tīng)力材料,聽(tīng)力材料結(jié)束后,剛才隱去的閱讀內(nèi)容會(huì)在屏幕的左邊重新出現(xiàn),同時(shí)屏幕右側(cè)會(huì)有讓你輸入的空格,限時(shí)20分鐘,最少150字(注:寫(xiě)作中大小寫(xiě)都是需要自己轉(zhuǎn)換,段落自己分),如果提前答完檢查沒(méi)問(wèn)題了,可以點(diǎn)擊右上角的continue進(jìn)入獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作。
獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的界面是怎樣的?
左側(cè)是給出的論述題目,右側(cè)的空格輸入內(nèi)容,限時(shí)30分鐘,最少300詞,如果提前答完并且檢查無(wú)誤后,可以交卷。
托福寫(xiě)作五段論內(nèi)容解析
英文的考場(chǎng)的作文,尤為講究開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山的方式,如果不在第一段就亮出自己的立場(chǎng),而在開(kāi)頭云里霧里虛無(wú)縹緲,這是在給改卷考官制造理解文章的障礙,極不可取。因此,首先,在開(kāi)頭的最后一句話結(jié)束前一定要有表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的句子出現(xiàn)。并且,開(kāi)頭的前一兩句可以準(zhǔn)備自己常用的模板句。最好是自己總結(jié)的,可以參照不同的來(lái)源的模板,但一定要自己改編、結(jié)合,從而有自己的一個(gè)套路。這樣可以防止被判雷同,否則背得再漂亮的句子也白搭。盡量讓每次練習(xí)文章時(shí)把題目往上套,讓開(kāi)頭華麗些,起到吸引人往下讀的效果。同時(shí)也要保證開(kāi)頭沒(méi)有任何的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,至少在自己看來(lái)是沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)瑕疵的。因此對(duì)于開(kāi)頭的檢查次數(shù)至少是全文的+1遍,保證這個(gè)門(mén)面沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。這對(duì)于后面的具體展開(kāi)是個(gè)很好的鋪墊,并且會(huì)讓考官的印象分很高。
在正文的部分,三段是要保證的。也就是三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)。這里注意一個(gè)原則:可以“一點(diǎn)多段”,但不可“一段多點(diǎn)”。也就是在一個(gè)論點(diǎn)寫(xiě)完前不要引入新的論點(diǎn)。如果結(jié)束了就換段,保證一段的中心只有一個(gè)。如果對(duì)于一個(gè)點(diǎn)的論述很長(zhǎng),可以分成兩段。另外,為什么要有三個(gè)論點(diǎn)?這是從文章的充實(shí)度來(lái)考慮的。托福寫(xiě)作可以完全不用例子,而采用全篇的議論。所以如果有三個(gè)論點(diǎn)會(huì)讓文章看起來(lái)很平衡,能撐住整篇文章。兩個(gè)太少,需要用足夠的論述或是加例子才能使文章字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到350以上;而四個(gè)論點(diǎn)又太多,沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)充實(shí)每一點(diǎn)的話,只會(huì)一筆帶過(guò)第四個(gè)點(diǎn),從而會(huì)因?yàn)椤罢擖c(diǎn)發(fā)展不完全”而成為扣分點(diǎn)。這對(duì)文章來(lái)說(shuō),是致命的地雷。所以三個(gè)點(diǎn)很是必需。
其實(shí)有心人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),托福出題者本身也對(duì)三論點(diǎn)形式有所傾向。在寫(xiě)作的另一個(gè)部分——綜合寫(xiě)作中,不論是其中的閱讀還是聽(tīng)力,也必定提供三個(gè)理由,也就是三論點(diǎn)架構(gòu)。由此可見(jiàn),獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中套用三論點(diǎn)架構(gòu)必是安全可取,甚至討巧的結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí),在這三段的開(kāi)頭一定要有明顯的連接詞,如“first of all, in addition, moreover”等詞來(lái)引出每一段,提示會(huì)有新的論點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)。這樣的套語(yǔ)或是套句也都可以事先準(zhǔn)備,每次套用。
最后是起總結(jié)作用的結(jié)尾。到了這個(gè)部分,很多考生往往時(shí)間相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)緊張,所以也要求在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候結(jié)尾的套句一定要準(zhǔn)備,并且不難準(zhǔn)備。只要再次點(diǎn)到全文的大觀點(diǎn)就行,當(dāng)然決不能照抄開(kāi)頭表達(dá)立場(chǎng)的那一句,完全重復(fù)一定扣分,又是地雷一枚。應(yīng)該以不同的方式講同一個(gè)話題,這也是我們常說(shuō)的貫徹托??荚囀冀K的同義替換問(wèn)題。
因此,如此下來(lái),五段論的結(jié)構(gòu)不難做到,并且各段作用明顯的話對(duì)整篇文章來(lái)說(shuō)本身就是一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。改卷考官一般看到如此清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)印象分就高了,如果論點(diǎn)不離題,語(yǔ)言不犯太大錯(cuò)誤,20+的分?jǐn)?shù)一定有;而如果語(yǔ)言句式再出彩一些的話,25+不成問(wèn)題。曾經(jīng)有我的學(xué)生照此結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí),并且每篇都套上幾乎一樣的開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾連接詞,最后寫(xiě)作部分拿到了29分,雖然其他部分分?jǐn)?shù)并不太高。并且筆者也曾在新托??荚囍芯陀么私Y(jié)構(gòu)拿到29分,再次實(shí)地驗(yàn)證其得分效率。由此可見(jiàn),寫(xiě)作部分要想有成績(jī)的飛躍,其實(shí)要求并不高,而投入產(chǎn)出率一定高。只要花一定的時(shí)間做針對(duì)性的練習(xí),就一定會(huì)有提高。
托福寫(xiě)作考試的注意事項(xiàng)
· 重申立場(chǎng)
· 重申立場(chǎng)+總結(jié)理由
· 讓步+重申立場(chǎng)
· 重申立場(chǎng)+引申擴(kuò)展
引申擴(kuò)展包括:
·強(qiáng)調(diào)反對(duì)派立場(chǎng)會(huì)帶來(lái)的后果
·展望未來(lái)問(wèn)題的前景
·強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性
一、重申立場(chǎng)
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.
二、重申立場(chǎng)+總結(jié)理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”
In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction.
三、讓步+重申立場(chǎng)
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”
In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness.
四、重申立場(chǎng)+引申擴(kuò)展
How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?
In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback.
托福寫(xiě)作美式句型的整理
比如我們想要表達(dá)這樣一段話:足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須能不停地奔跑,有時(shí)得用頭頂球,撞別人或被別人撞,必須忍受雙腳和肌肉的疼痛,所以說(shuō),足球運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)難度大的運(yùn)動(dòng)。這樣就把結(jié)果放在了后面。
如果把這段話用在托福寫(xiě)作中,最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)就應(yīng)該是這樣的:Soccer is a difficult sport. A player must be able to run steadily without rest. Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head. Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others. They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles。在這段話中,結(jié)果則是第一句。
再比如要寫(xiě)一個(gè)便條:因?yàn)槟赣H突然生病,周末不能和湯姆去跳舞了,所以找了舞跳得很好的時(shí)黛來(lái)代替,并表示抱歉,也就是抱歉的意思是最后才表示的,而原因則是在第一句就提出來(lái)了,因?yàn)檫@遵守了中國(guó)人前因后果的思考方式。
如果這個(gè)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě),就是:
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to inform you that I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend. My mother is suddenly taken ill. In order not to disappoint you,I have asked Shi Dai to take my place. She is a better dancer,I think. My regrets。
在這段英語(yǔ)中,首先就是抱歉,其次才是解釋原因,因?yàn)榻Y(jié)果優(yōu)先。
由于英美人的思維方式很直接,他們更習(xí)慣于從general到specific,從summarize到exemplify,從whole到respective。
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