托福寫作能力提高方法有哪些
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托福寫作能力提高方法有哪些
一 首先說(shuō)一下關(guān)于文采的認(rèn)知
① 這里說(shuō)的文采不是狹義意義上的文采，好的文采不僅僅是語(yǔ)句和詞藻上的華麗堆砌，更是作者思想和境界的表達(dá)。
② 每個(gè)人的文學(xué)水平和素養(yǎng)都不同，對(duì)于好文采的認(rèn)識(shí)也會(huì)有所不同，而有一些名家的作品，本身也確實(shí)寫的不錯(cuò)，但可能就不太適合普通人來(lái)閱讀。
③ 學(xué)習(xí)寫作并不是一件一蹴而就的事情，他需要你長(zhǎng)年累月的沉淀，需要你不斷堅(jiān)持地去讀，去寫，去思考，去體驗(yàn)生活。
④ 有文采的文章，有思想，有境界，能夠帶給讀者認(rèn)知上的升級(jí)，情感上的共鳴。
二 提高文采，寫作能力的有效途徑：
1 多讀
為了培養(yǎng)自己的語(yǔ)感和寫作的套路，我們需要多讀優(yōu)秀的作品，讀的多了，自己開始寫的時(shí)候，也會(huì)慢慢地找到感覺(jué)。
① 多讀爆款的文章
爆款文章之所以能成為爆款一定有原因，它們對(duì)讀者的心理，需求的把握都做的比較好。而從爆款文章中，找到讀者真正關(guān)心的內(nèi)容，同樣可以用在你的文章當(dāng)中。
② 多讀名家的作品
名家的作品，在語(yǔ)言上面，文章構(gòu)思上面都有很多值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的地方。
通常來(lái)說(shuō)，一些優(yōu)美的散文，詩(shī)歌的文采都是不錯(cuò)的，平時(shí)可以多收集一些，有空的時(shí)候就隨手翻一翻。
2 多記錄好詞好句，時(shí)常查閱
不斷記錄下你從書中，網(wǎng)上，或者聽到的好詞好句，分門別類，定期地做好整理。
比如描寫人物的，描寫景色的，描寫心理的，描寫情感的……
通過(guò)經(jīng)常地朗讀來(lái)讓自己培養(yǎng)寫作和語(yǔ)言的感覺(jué)。
3 模仿
模仿優(yōu)秀的作品，模仿它的風(fēng)格，模仿它的遣詞造句，模仿它的構(gòu)思。
從你的素材庫(kù)里面找出一些你覺(jué)得不錯(cuò)的好詞，金句，不斷地進(jìn)行仿寫訓(xùn)練。
一個(gè)很好的訓(xùn)練方式就是：通過(guò)對(duì)同一個(gè)事件的描寫，和優(yōu)秀作品進(jìn)行對(duì)比，找出自己和高手的差距，不斷提升。
4 積累寫作的素材
增加生活的觸點(diǎn)，從不同的方式體驗(yàn)不同的情感。
比如從電視，電影里面的臺(tái)詞，琢磨每個(gè)人的性格和特點(diǎn)，體會(huì)不同人物的說(shuō)話方式。
生活中，你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些語(yǔ)出驚人，發(fā)人省醒的話語(yǔ)，比如廣告語(yǔ)，某人說(shuō)的某句話。這些都可以成為你寫作的素材。
5 寫好：字，詞，句
精煉文字，用詞要精準(zhǔn)，多用動(dòng)詞，名詞，盡量少用一些抽象的成語(yǔ)，少用一些別人已經(jīng)用爛了的詞語(yǔ)或者句子。
這里介紹一個(gè)方法：近義詞替換法。就是把一些比較常用的，讀者讀起來(lái)沒(méi)有感覺(jué)的陳詞濫調(diào)，或者說(shuō)文章當(dāng)中經(jīng)常要出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，替換成相關(guān)的近義詞，或者利用其它的方式來(lái)表達(dá)出來(lái)，從而讓人有耳目一新的感覺(jué)。
同時(shí)，我們還需要增加自身的詞匯量，平時(shí)有空就多翻翻詞典，即使你一次記不住也沒(méi)有關(guān)系，這些都是需要你長(zhǎng)年累月的過(guò)程中不斷積累的。
關(guān)于句子，多用比喻，擬人，排比。發(fā)揮你的想象力，由你要描寫的事情想象到其他的一些事情。比喻是一個(gè)在寫作當(dāng)中使用頻率非常高的修辭手法，用好這個(gè)，可以讓你的文采提升不少。
這里面的技巧是：多聯(lián)想。比如，看到白云的時(shí)候，你想到了什么?純潔?美好?看到了鳥兒，你想到了什么?飛翔?自由?這些都可以在寫作當(dāng)中用暗喻的形式表達(dá)出來(lái)的。
嘗試采用不同的表達(dá)方式和表達(dá)角度。有些時(shí)候，我們會(huì)用到一些別人已經(jīng)說(shuō)爛了的句子，你還可能覺(jué)得似乎很有文采，但是，其實(shí)讀者早已經(jīng)是看得太多了，你寫的再好也很難有高的閱讀量。
托福寫作的簡(jiǎn)潔方法
建議一： 避免空洞的單詞和詞組
1. 一些空洞的單詞或詞組根本不能為句子帶來(lái)任何相關(guān)的或重要的信息，完全可以被刪掉。比如下面的句子：
When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
這句話當(dāng)中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都顯得多余。完全可以去掉。改為：
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
2. 有些空洞和繁瑣的表達(dá)方式可以進(jìn)行替換，例如：
Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
“due to the fact that”就是一個(gè)很典型的繁瑣的表達(dá)方式的例子，可以替換，簡(jiǎn)化為下面的表達(dá)方式：
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.
建議二： 避免重復(fù)
1. 盡量避免重復(fù)使用同樣的詞匯?；蛘哂械臅r(shí)候雖然詞匯沒(méi)有重復(fù)，但意思卻有重復(fù)。這時(shí)候可以做一些簡(jiǎn)化的工作。例如下面這個(gè)例子：:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large 對(duì)一個(gè)farm來(lái)說(shuō)就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改為：
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
更簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式為：
My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
2. 有時(shí)一個(gè)詞組可以用一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的單詞來(lái)替換，例如：
My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
這里的over and over again就可以改為repeatedly，顯得更為簡(jiǎn)潔：
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
建議三：選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇合適的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子意思的表達(dá)更為精確和簡(jiǎn)練。雖然語(yǔ)法的多樣性也很重要，但選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是更為重要的考慮因素。以下，朗閣海外考試研究中心將推薦幾種考生們?cè)诳紤]選擇何種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以參考的原則：
1. 一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該能夠反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如：.
The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
從意思上來(lái)分析，上面這句話需要表達(dá)的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to study”，而在表達(dá)這個(gè)概念時(shí)，原句用的主語(yǔ)是situation，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是was，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)需要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)概念，可以改為下面這句話：
My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2. 避免頻繁使用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如下面的句子：
There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改為：My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
更簡(jiǎn)潔的句式為：
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3. 把從句改為短語(yǔ)或單詞。例如：
Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
簡(jiǎn)介的表達(dá)方式為：
The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.
4. 僅在需要強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)而不是主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，才使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.
本句不夠簡(jiǎn)潔的原因是本句的重心應(yīng)該是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s family”，而使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，仿佛重心變成了cows和hay。下面的表達(dá)方式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)更簡(jiǎn)潔一些：
In the fall, my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 用更為精確的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如下面這句話：
My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其實(shí)可以用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，即loiter：
My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.
6. 有時(shí)兩句話的信息經(jīng)過(guò)組合完全可以用一句話來(lái)簡(jiǎn)練地表達(dá)，例如：
Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
兩句話的信息可以合并為下面這句更為簡(jiǎn)潔的句子：
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
托福寫作高分的小技巧
提醒:每人要有自己的模版, 下列模版僅供參考, 不可直接享用.
Integrated task:
表示陳述了某種觀點(diǎn)的：
Indicate, state, claim, believe, argue, say, hold, discuss, mention, contend, demonstrate, raise the issue, according to the professor/writer…..
表示觀點(diǎn)相反的：
Cast doubt on, refute, rebuke, refuse, question, disagree with, oppose, contradict, on the contrary, differ from
表示支持的：
Support, strengthen, agree with, reinforce, present the same idea
常用表示總結(jié)聽力和閱讀材料觀點(diǎn)不同的句子：
1. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
2. this entirely opposes the writer’s expectation.
3. this is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.
4. this is another part where experience contradict theory.
模版：
In the lecture, the professor states that..., which differs from the point of the reading, the passsage contends that......
As for the writer, the writer indicates that.......R1.....On the contrary, the instructor argues that L1.....+detail.
In the lecture, the speaker raises the issue that L2+detail ......., yet the reading passage belives that.......R2...
In the lecture, the professor says L3.....+detail...., and what the professor says opposes the idea of reading which holds that R3.........
In a word, what is discussed in the lecture entirely opposes the writer’s expectation.
托福寫作怎么做好結(jié)尾
重申立場(chǎng)+總結(jié)理由
讓步+重申立場(chǎng)
重申立場(chǎng)+引申擴(kuò)展
引申擴(kuò)展包括：
強(qiáng)調(diào)反對(duì)派立場(chǎng)會(huì)帶來(lái)的后果
展望未來(lái)問(wèn)題的前景
強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性
重申立場(chǎng)
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life?！?/p>
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices。
重申立場(chǎng)+總結(jié)理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities?！?/p>
In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction。
讓步+重申立場(chǎng)
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity。”
In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness。
重申立場(chǎng)+引申擴(kuò)展
How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?
In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback。
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托福寫作能力提高方法有哪些
