2020年1月12日托福綜合寫作真題回憶與解析
托福綜合寫作部分的訓(xùn)練,自然也離不開大量真題的練習(xí)。在1月12日的托福寫作中,綜合部分的考試真題內(nèi)容是什么,如何更好的進(jìn)行作文的構(gòu)思?大家可以參考相應(yīng)的范文解析,來備考練習(xí)這部分題目。下面小編為大家整理了詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容,供大家參考!
2020年1月12日托福綜合寫作真題回憶與解析
話題分類
社會(huì)科學(xué)。
考題回憶
1-總論點(diǎn)
Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.
2-閱讀部分
All these three evidence are not true.
(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.
(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.
(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.
3-聽力部分
Refute each point raised in reading part separately.
These evidence are more stronger than we thought.
(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the news press adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.
(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.
(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.
解題思路
總寫閱讀材料和聽力材料的主題與關(guān)系。
用聽力材料中的內(nèi)容一一反駁閱讀材料中的觀點(diǎn)。
托福詞匯背誦的七大誤區(qū)
1. 背托福單詞拼寫,但是不注意中文意思。其實(shí)我們?cè)趹?yīng)用一門語言的時(shí)候,最常用的能力是認(rèn)識(shí)的能力,換句話說,也就是閱讀的能力,這個(gè)是我們最常用的能力,我們首先要解決這個(gè)問題,換句話說,對(duì)于一個(gè)單詞,我們首先要知道這個(gè)單詞的中文意思是什么,而至于單詞的拼寫,只要考試之前多寫,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常用的單詞,然后這些單詞,寫多了,自然也就會(huì)拼寫了。這一點(diǎn)非常重要,切記!背單詞,一定要注重中文意思,而不是拼寫。
2. 絕大多數(shù)人都需要背單詞。不管你是國(guó)際學(xué)校、亦或者是海外留學(xué)生,都是需要背單詞的。很多考友認(rèn)為自己過了大學(xué)6級(jí)就不用背單詞,實(shí)際上過了大學(xué)6級(jí)的水平,也就是托福60分上下的水平,真的與100分的要求相差的還很遠(yuǎn)。
反過來,哪些人不用背單詞呢?1,sat2000分以上, 2,gre300以上,亦或者是托福閱讀26分以上,如果你沒有達(dá)到上面的任何一個(gè)要求的話,那么,你就必須要背單詞!
3. 只背托福單詞。其實(shí)托??荚嚨膯卧~書,是有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的,也就是絕大多數(shù)的材料都是針對(duì)高分通過大學(xué)英語6級(jí)的人來準(zhǔn)備的。
因此,現(xiàn)在市面上幾乎所有的托福單詞書全都是默認(rèn)去掉了大學(xué)4級(jí)單詞的。但是實(shí)際上,現(xiàn)在很多考友也就是大學(xué)4級(jí)水平,甚至更低。對(duì)于這部分人來說,第一步應(yīng)該背的是大學(xué)4級(jí)單詞,有的人甚至需要背高中單詞,而不是只背一本托福單詞,就完事大吉的。
4. 背多本托福單詞書。就市面上所有主流的托福單詞書,其實(shí)所涵蓋的單詞都是差不多的,除了那本托福10000,其他的單詞書都是可以的。托福10000所列出的單詞很多都不會(huì)考到,是過難了。除此之外,絕大多數(shù)的單詞書都是差不多的。只要背完里面的任意一本,就可以保證涵蓋90%以上其他的單詞書了,因此沒有必要背很多本同樣級(jí)別的單詞書。
5. 每天背不同的單詞。在背單詞的道里面,已經(jīng)說了,背單詞的最好的方法就是反復(fù)、大量、多次背相同的單詞??墒呛芏嗫加押芟矚g第一天背1-3list,第二天背4-6list,第三天背7-9list,第四天就崩潰了,發(fā)現(xiàn)前面背的單詞全都忘了。
馬上感嘆背單詞是不靠譜的,自己背不下來單詞的。但是這么背單詞是不對(duì)的,應(yīng)該第一天、第二天、第三天、直至第十天都應(yīng)該背1-9單元,每天都把1-9單元看很多遍才對(duì),這樣才是背單詞。前面那樣的每天背不同的單詞,那是在相親!而托福需要的是談戀愛,也就是大寶天天見!
6. 背托福單詞的多個(gè)釋義。其實(shí)對(duì)于人類來說,最容易記住的,是一對(duì)一的關(guān)系,最可怕的就是需要記住一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我們?cè)诒硢卧~的時(shí)候也是這樣,如果一開始背單詞的時(shí)候,就試圖記住單詞的多個(gè)釋義,那么會(huì)讓我們?cè)诒硢卧~的效率上大打折扣!因此我們應(yīng)該在背單詞的時(shí)候,只記住自己最熟悉的意思。當(dāng)我們把這個(gè)單詞背下來之后,再背其他的釋義,要知道,背單詞的時(shí)候,擴(kuò)展永遠(yuǎn)是比一開始背這個(gè)單詞要簡(jiǎn)單很多的。
7. 忽略詞性。其實(shí)在分析句意的時(shí)候,單詞的詞性是一個(gè)超級(jí)重要的輔助因素!因?yàn)槿绻麤]有單詞詞性的輔助,我們會(huì)經(jīng)常無法判斷錯(cuò)誤單詞的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的,因此,在背單詞的時(shí)候,除了背單詞的最貼近自己生活的釋義,還要把詞性也記下來,這一點(diǎn)非常重要!
托福寫作怎么提高 三個(gè)方法增強(qiáng)文章連貫性
一般來說,銜接手段可以分成三個(gè)層次,詞匯銜接 (lexical cohesion)、語法銜接 (grammatical cohesion)、修辭銜接 (rhetorical cohesion)。
(一)詞匯銜接
- 原詞重復(fù) (direct repetition) 、同義詞 (synonyms)、反義詞 (antonyms)
- 來自于相同語義場(chǎng) (semantic field) 和詞匯鏈 (lexical chains) 的單詞
- 使用one/ ones進(jìn)行詞匯替代 (substitution)
(二)語法銜接
- 指代 (reference): 代詞、冠詞
- 使用 so/ do/ does/ did 等進(jìn)行從句元素替代
- 比較級(jí)
- 時(shí)態(tài)
(三)修辭銜接
- 提問與回答
- 平行結(jié)構(gòu) (parallelism)
下面我們結(jié)合托福一個(gè)寫作題目和對(duì)應(yīng)的高分范文 (high-level responses) 進(jìn)行講解。
Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized examples.
Source: TOEFL? Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide
上面這個(gè)題目需要考生思考并比較在本國(guó)旅游和在外國(guó)旅游各自的好處,然后決定是否同意 “人們?cè)诒緡?guó)旅游獲得的益處比在外國(guó)旅游獲得的益處更多” 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。在這里我們給各位提供官方選取的高分回答,第一篇來自挪威的Aarcha Z.同學(xué),第二篇來自中國(guó)的_同學(xué)。
01
Aarcha 同學(xué)對(duì)于題目持有不同意的觀點(diǎn) (Disagree),她認(rèn)為到國(guó)外旅游好處更多。以下是她的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
“I think that people benefit more from traveling to foreign countries.”
我們這里節(jié)選她文章其中一個(gè)主體段。
In addition to that, travelling to another country gives you the perfect excuse to learn a new language. For example, I’m planning to go to France next year, and I’ve already started learning basic French with the help of apps on my mobile phone. [Learning a new language] is a wonderful thing, as it not only helps you get around in foreign countries, but also makes you attractive in the job market. If you’re travelling in your own country, you will never truly need to learn a new language, and will therefore miss out on the opportunity that it brings.
分析:
該文段使用的銜接手段主要是:(一)詞匯銜接中的同義詞(二)語法銜接中的代詞指代 (reference)
首先 “that” 是一個(gè)代詞,指代文中第一個(gè)理由 “to experience new sights, cultures and food”; 另外, “another country” 是題目中 “foreign countries” 的另外一種表達(dá)形式; “it” 用來表示 “l(fā)earning a new language” 的意思。全段100個(gè)單詞,出現(xiàn)了4處銜接手段的使用,使得段落內(nèi)容清晰緊密。
02
_同學(xué)對(duì)于題目持有同意的觀點(diǎn) (Agree),他認(rèn)為在國(guó)內(nèi)旅游好處更多。以下是他的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
“I deem I can benefit more from travelling in my own countries.”
我們這里節(jié)選他文章中兩個(gè)主體段來分析其使用銜接手段的情況。
The most critical reason is time. As a traveler, I would prefer spending more time exploring my destination rather than getting stuck at the security checkpoint, sitting in the airplane, and waiting in a long queue at the custom, which are often associated with international travel. For example, if I have a week of vacation, instead of spending 2 days on the way, I could choose a destination that may only take me [a] couple [of] hours to get there that means I have 1 extra more vacation day.
Secondly, ….
Lastly, international trip can cost travelers significantly more comparing to a domestic one. Admittedly, cost of a trip is often determined personal choice and preference but a lot of fees, such as visa and currency exchange, are often inevitable. In addition, to save money in another unknown country can be a lot more challenging.
分析:
該文段使用的銜接手段主要是:(一)詞匯銜接-同義詞; 詞匯銜接- one/ ones 替代(二)語法銜接中的比較級(jí) (三)修辭銜接中的平行結(jié)構(gòu) (parallelism)
首先第一段中連續(xù)使用了三個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)到國(guó)外旅游可能會(huì)遇到的不方便 “getting stuck at the security checkpoint” , “sitting in the airplane” , “waiting in a long queue at the custom”, 另外, “international travel” 以及第三段中的 “international trip” 是同義詞,“domestic” 是題目中 “in their own country” 同義表達(dá),最后 “domestic one” 當(dāng)中的 “one” 也是為了避免重復(fù)前面的內(nèi)容而進(jìn)行指代的。
這些銜接手段的使用增加了上下文內(nèi)容的連貫性,也豐富了語言表達(dá)形式,使得段落內(nèi)容清晰緊密生動(dòng)。 兩段的內(nèi)容不算多,但單從銜接手段的角度來講還是值得各位考生學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的。
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