雅思寫作如何使用狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間：2020-06-13 18:28:04 楚薇0由分享

在雅思寫作考試中，狀語(yǔ)從句的使用能起到非常明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)突出作用，如何利用狀語(yǔ)從句拿高分呢?

雅思寫作備考句型：狀語(yǔ)從句的使用

狀語(yǔ)的定義非常復(fù)雜，也不是很好理解，現(xiàn)在給大家介紹一個(gè)較為簡(jiǎn)單的概念。狀語(yǔ)：即由介詞引導(dǎo)出來(lái)的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

簡(jiǎn)單的介詞有：in, on, with, by, for, at, about, into, within, throughout, inside, outside等，難一點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)包括：according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in front of,in spite of, into, considering, regarding, respecting, including等。

今天我們來(lái)講一下雅思考試常見(jiàn)五大句型一：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如何借助狀語(yǔ)變得高大上起來(lái)的。

Accordingto the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the averageprices of houses in three citiesdecreasedsignificantly by five percentin NewYork (USA) and(省略by) about 7.5 percent inboth Tokyo (Japan) and London (UK).

這句話的C7T3七分小作文中的句子，將句子中介詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)全部刪去后，句子剩下的部分為the average pricesof houses decreased significantly.。這是一個(gè)大多數(shù)同學(xué)都能順暢寫出的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。

同樣，考官考題中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)也不算少數(shù)：Nowadayssome individuals behave in an anti-society way, such ascommitting a crime.這句話只翻譯黑色部分，也就是去掉狀語(yǔ)后的部分時(shí)，幾乎沒(méi)人不會(huì)翻譯：現(xiàn)如今很多人都這樣做。單獨(dú)翻譯狀語(yǔ)部分也不是很難：in an anti-societyway,用一種反社會(huì)的方式such as committing a crime比如犯罪。那么連接在一起，這句話的意思是：現(xiàn)如今很多人會(huì)做一些反社會(huì)的事兒，比如犯罪。

雅思寫作中如何利用狀語(yǔ)從句拿分

一、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

能引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的詞匯有：because，as，since，inthat

例如：

World food outputper head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980smainly as a

result of increases in yields from land already in cultivationbut also

becausemore land has been brought under plough.

在20世紀(jì)70以及80年代，平均每人的食物產(chǎn)量增加了4%，主要是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)有的耕地食物產(chǎn)量增加，還有一個(gè)原因是越來(lái)越多的土地被用來(lái)耕地。

The removal ofsubsidies stopped land-clearing and over-stocking,because they in thepast had been the principal causes of soil erosion.

因?yàn)榻蛸N的廢除，導(dǎo)致開(kāi)荒毀林以及過(guò)度放牧的停止，曾經(jīng)這是水土流失的主要原因。

Such fuel crops areless likely to contribute to the greenhouse effectasthey produce farless carbon dioxide, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.

這樣的燃料作物相比之下更不太可能導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)，因?yàn)槿紵麄儺a(chǎn)生的二氧化碳更少并且在這些作物的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中會(huì)吸收二氧化碳。

從以上句子中可以看出，原因狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞后面接的是一個(gè)完整的句子，不能缺少任何的主謂賓成分，并且因?yàn)?、所以不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里面，有了because就不可以再出現(xiàn)so了，反之亦然。

注：如果能用because of就不要用because。介詞詞組相比與連詞的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于because of后面接詞組，這就要求考生能將自己的句子進(jìn)行凝縮。

介詞詞組有：because of, dueto, as a result of, thanks to, owing to

二、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

能引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的詞匯有：so...that...

These remarkablebeetles have evolved and adapted so successfullyto the localenvironmentthat they have reached their natural boundaries.

這些甲殼蟲進(jìn)化以及適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境如此之快以至于他們的數(shù)量已經(jīng)到達(dá)了自然界能到達(dá)的最大值。

The tuition feeincreasesso rapidly thatmany students take part-time jobs to lightenthe financial burden of their parents.

教育費(fèi)用增加如此之快以至于很多的學(xué)生參加兼職去減少父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。

以上兩個(gè)句子是最基本的句型，寫作中可以采用這個(gè)基本句型的升級(jí)版，將之改為倒裝句：

successfullyhave these remarkablebeetles evolved and adapted to the local environmentthat they havereached their natural boundaries.

rapidly does the tuition fee increase that manystudents take part-time jobs to lighten the financial burden of their families.

將so提前，that后面的句子不發(fā)生任何其他的變化。倒裝句共四種形式：

[if !supportLists]1. [endif]Heis so tall that he cannot sit in the first row.

改成So tall is he thathe cannotsit in the first row.

[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Hecan do it so quickly that he earns most.

改成So quickly can he do it thatheearns most.

[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Hehas done it so quickly that he gets the prize from the manager.

改成So

quickly has he done it thathe gets the prizefrom the manager.

[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Hegets the highest mark so easily that he often looks down upon those industriousstudents.

改成So

easily does he get the highest mark thathe often looks down upon those industrious students.

把動(dòng)詞分成四種，前三種(系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及完成時(shí)態(tài))將系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(have，has，had)倒裝;第四種實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用助動(dòng)詞do以及其變體進(jìn)行倒裝。

三、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：not...until，since，as

soon as，hardly...when，nosooner...than...

這里重點(diǎn)講解hardly...when...，以及nosooner...than...

Ihad hardly gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.(過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí))

我剛離開(kāi)廚房，電話就響了。

改成倒裝句：

Hardly had I gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.

Hardly had the newsspread around the country when the president came up with another idea to get ahigher efficiency.

四、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞：if，provided

that，providingthat

If the governmenttakes immediate steps to curb this situation, the general public will trust thegovernment again.

可以將if改成provided

that，也可以改成providing

that。

注：if除了可以表示條件之外，還可以表示虛擬。條件是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)而虛擬表示與事實(shí)相反，不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

[if !supportLists]1) [endif]與現(xiàn)在相反

If he did it, he

would become successfully. 從句用過(guò)去式，主句用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。

If I were you, I

would do it. Be動(dòng)詞的虛擬形態(tài)只能用were，不管主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。

If it were not forthe beetles, chemical fertilizer would be washed by rain into streams andrivers before it could be absorbed into the hard earth, polluting water coursesand causing blooms of blue-algae.

[if !supportLists]2) [endif]與過(guò)去相反

If he had done the

task, he would have got the award. 從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)+完成時(shí)。

[if !supportLists]3) [endif]與將來(lái)相反

If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.

If he came here, hewould take some gifts to me.

在寫作中，比較實(shí)用的是表示現(xiàn)在相反以及過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。并且在表示虛擬的句型中，有三個(gè)句型可以進(jìn)行倒裝。

If I were you, Iwould do it.

改成Were I you, Iwould do it.

If he had done thetask, he would have got the award.

改成Had hedone the task, he would have got the award.

If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.

改成Should someonecall me, leave me a message.

如何在英語(yǔ)寫作中運(yùn)用狀語(yǔ)從句的省略?

一、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式必須符合以下兩個(gè)條件：

1. 從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致(或者從句主語(yǔ)是it)

2. 從句的謂語(yǔ)部分有系動(dòng)詞be

如果滿足以上兩個(gè)條件，就可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)+be，只保留其他成分，這樣可以使句子更加簡(jiǎn)潔明了。

二、狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的省略現(xiàn)象

1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

由when，while，until，after，before， since等引導(dǎo)，如：

Fear is something innate that we actually rely on to keep us safe when (we are) faced with danger. (Skillful reading & writing level3, P13)

解析：這里when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句rely on的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致，且從句有系動(dòng)詞are，此時(shí)可以把從句主語(yǔ)we和系動(dòng)詞are一起省略。

When (the brain is) multitasking, the brain is concentrating on one task and then switching to the other, in sequence. (Skillful reading & writing level4, P31)

解析：when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句is concentrating on的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致，且從句有系動(dòng)詞is，此時(shí)可以把從句主語(yǔ)the brain和系動(dòng)詞is一起省略。

2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

由if，unless，once引導(dǎo)，如：

If (these projects are) successful, these projects have amazingly positive potential. (Skillful reading & writing level4, P21)

解析：if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了these projects are。

Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.

解析：在once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了the museum is。

3. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

由although，though，even if，even though，wherever，whenever，however等引導(dǎo)，如：

Although (he was) the youngest in the group, Tom won all the prize.

解析：although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句省略了he was。

This viewpoint, however understandable (it is), is not practical.

解析：however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句省略了it is。

4. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句

由as，as if，as though 引導(dǎo)，如：

He did it as required.

解析：由as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了 he was。

The girl looked as if afraid of nothing.

解析：由as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句省略了she was。

5. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，常在as和than引導(dǎo)的分句中省略某些與主句相同的成分，有時(shí)甚至省略整個(gè)as和than引導(dǎo)的從句，如：

He can play basketball as well as I.

解析：由as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句省略了do。

You finished the work three weeks earlier than (you were) expected.

解析：由than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句省略了you were。

6. 其他形式

(1) 在狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，有時(shí)候從句謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有系動(dòng)詞，也可以省略，如：

When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the difference without noticing many similarities.

解析：這里when comparing different cultures就是when we compare different cultures。

(2) 由if引導(dǎo)的習(xí)慣用法，常有：if not，if possible，if necessary 等，如：

Correct the mistake in your composition if any.

解析：這里的if any 相當(dāng)于 if there is any。

就像一幅畫作中不應(yīng)該由多余的線條，一臺(tái)機(jī)器不應(yīng)該有多余的零件，一句話中也不應(yīng)該有贅詞。所以能夠用簡(jiǎn)潔有力的方式表達(dá)的意思可能更好一些。從上面的狀語(yǔ)從句的省略現(xiàn)象可以看出語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的多樣性，靈活性和可變性。如果我們能夠靈活的掌握這種省略的形式，可以有效提高我們句子表達(dá)的技巧。雖然狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式可以提高我們句子表達(dá)的多樣性，但是這種省略形式必須以保持句子原有意思不變，不產(chǎn)生歧義和準(zhǔn)確性的基礎(chǔ)上輸出。

狀語(yǔ)從句如何增加雅思寫作的難度

雅思句子的宗旨，萬(wàn)變不離其宗，只有五大基本句型，除此以外，都是在五大基本句型上添加了部分修飾，使得句子看起來(lái)比較高大上。而在這些添加的部分當(dāng)中，最重要的一項(xiàng)當(dāng)屬狀語(yǔ)了。

簡(jiǎn)單的介詞有：in, on, with, by, for, at, about, into, within, throughout, inside,

outside等，難一點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)包括：according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in

front of,in spite of, into, considering, regarding, respecting, including等。

今天我們來(lái)講一下雅思考試常見(jiàn)五大句型一：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如何借助狀語(yǔ)變得高大上起來(lái)的。

Accordingto the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the

averageprices of houses in three citiesdecreasedsignificantly by five percentin

NewYork (USA) and(省略by) about 7.5 percent inboth Tokyo (Japan) and London

(UK).

這句話的C7T3七分小作文中的句子，將句子中介詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)全部刪去后，句子剩下的部分為the average pricesof houses

decreased significantly.。這是一個(gè)大多數(shù)同學(xué)都能順暢寫出的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。