托福閱讀段落的基本構(gòu)成
大家都知道托福閱讀是由很多段落構(gòu)成的，而最基本的是一些詞和句式，那么對(duì)于新托福閱讀來說，如果能掌握最基本的要素相信會(huì)很有用，下面的就為大家介紹一下托福閱讀段落的基本構(gòu)成。
托福閱讀段落的基本構(gòu)成
托福閱讀高分策略一、英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原則
1、謂動(dòng)單一性原則 在一個(gè)句子里，有且只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。
2、主句單一性原則 在一個(gè)句子中，有且只有一個(gè)主句。(從句可以有若干個(gè))
二、新托福閱讀三大從句
1、名詞性從句 主語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句
引導(dǎo)詞 (what/how/that/why/whether)
結(jié)構(gòu) 主語從句
what+VO=n. for eg.
what+SV=n. What you said is right.
形式賓語 Make it possible for sb.to do
that/how/why/whether+SVO=n.
That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(形式主語居多)...
托福閱讀28分的速成計(jì)劃
分?jǐn)?shù)要求
想得28分以上，一般就是錯(cuò)3個(gè)左右，也就是不含加試一篇一個(gè)。我給自己的要求：不能錯(cuò)詞匯題以外的任何題
閱讀時(shí)間：
15分鐘一篇，一篇13/14道題。(官方要求是20分鐘一篇)
13道題中除了4道詞匯題(30‘’)1道多選題(1’30‘’)之外，其他題目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8題/第9題的樣子，是一段會(huì)出2道理解題的段落。題目編排，近幾年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏難，生詞多，第三篇簡(jiǎn)單難度類似早期TPO。
在題目上一般是(細(xì)節(jié) 詞匯，細(xì)節(jié) 作用， 細(xì)節(jié) 詞匯， 細(xì)節(jié) 詞匯 改寫， 細(xì)節(jié) 詞匯， 黑點(diǎn) 大意)規(guī)律就是每一段都會(huì)出細(xì)節(jié)題(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他題，早期一段只有一道題的情況幾乎不存在了...
托福閱讀真題1
No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common, one of the most obvious of which is a coma. A coma looks like a misty, patch of light with one or more tails often streaming from it in the direction away from the sun.
At the heart of a comet's coma lies a nucleus of solid material, typically no more than 10 kilometers across. The visible coma is a huge cloud of gas and dust that has escaped from the nucleus, which then surrounds like an extended atmosphere. The coma can extend as far as a million kilometers outward from the nucleus. Around the coma there is often an even larger invisible envelope of hydrogen gas.
The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle of a comet develops from a relatively small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the European Giotto probe of the nucleus of Halley's Comet. It turned out to be a bit like a very dark asteroid, measuring 16 by 8 kilometers. Ices have evaporated from its outer layers to leave a crust of nearly black dust all over the surface. Bright jets of gas from evaporating ice burst out on the side facing the Sun, where the surface gets heated up, carrying dust with them. This is how the coma and the tails are created.
Comets grow tails only when they get warm enough for ice and dust to boil off. As a comet's orbit brings it closer to the sun, first the coma grows, then two distinct tails usually form. One, the less common kind, contains electrically charged (i.e., ionized) atoms of gas, which are blown off directly in the direction away from the Sun by the magnetic field of the solar wind. The other tail is made of neutral dust particles, which get gently pushed back by the pressure of the sunlight itself. Unlike the ion tail, which is straight, the dust tail becomes curved as the particles follow their own orbits around the Sun.
1. The passage focuses on comets primarily in terms of their
(A) orbital patterns
(B) coma and tails
(C) brightness
(D) size
2. The word identical in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) equally fast
(B) exactly alike
(C) near each other
(D) invisible
3. The word heart in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) center
(B) edge
(C) tail
(D) beginning
4. Why does the author mention the Giotto probe in paragraph 3?
(A) It had a relatively small and inconspicuous nucleus.
(B) It was very similar to an asteroid.
(C) It was covered with an unusual black dust.
(D) It provided visual evidence of the makeup of a comet's nucleus.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the nucleus of a comet is made up of
(A) dust and gas
(B) ice and dust
(C) hydrogen gas
(D) electrically charged atoms
6. The word graphic in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) mathematical
(B) popular
(C) unusual
(D) vivid
7. Which of the following occurred as the ices from Halley's Comet evaporated?
(A) Black dust was left on the comet's surface.
(B) The nucleus of the comet expanded.
(C) The tail of the comet straightened out.
(D) Jets of gas caused the comet to increase its speed.
8. All of the following statements about the tails of comets are true EXCEPT:
(A) They can contain electrically charged or neutral particles.
(B) They can be formed only when there is sufficient heat.
(C) They are formed before the coma expands.
(D) They always point in the direction away from the Sun.
9. The word distinct in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) visible
(B) gaseous
(C) separate
(D) new
10. Compared to the tail of electrically charged atoms, the tail of neutral dust particles is
relatively
(A) long
(B) curved
(C) unpredictable
(D) bright
PASSAGE 65 BBADB DACCB
托福閱讀真題2
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds
(B) The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language
(C) How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language
development
(D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice
2. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4-5?
(A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds
(B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry
(C) To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds
(D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like
3. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines
7-8?
(A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions
(B) To illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences
(C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies
(D) To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another
4. The word diverse in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) surrounding
(B) divided
(C) different
(D) stimulating
5. The word noted in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) theorized
(B) requested
(C) disagreed
(D) observed
6. The word They in line 18 refers to
(A) mothers
(B) investigators
(C) babies
(D) words
7. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to
babies EXCEPT
(A) giving all words equal emphasis
(B) speaking with shorter sentences
(C) speaking more loudly than normal
(D) using meaningless sounds
8. The word emphasize in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) stress
(B) repeat
(C) explain
(D) leave out
9. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2?
(A) Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to
a single language.
(B) Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.
(C) Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language.
(D) The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.
10. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire
language?
(A) Babies begin to understand words in songs.
(B) Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.
(C) Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.
(D) Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.
11. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot
understand them?
(A) They understand the rhythm.
(B) They enjoy the sound.
(C) They can remember them easily.
(D) They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.
PASSAGE 66 CABCD AAABD B
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托福閱讀段落的基本構(gòu)成
