托福聽(tīng)力提高方法詳細(xì)解析
托福聽(tīng)力的提升不僅需要大家多聽(tīng)多練，還要用對(duì)方法，選好工具，選對(duì)材料。這幾個(gè)方面都非常的重要，可以說(shuō)缺一不可。好工具能讓你聽(tīng)的效率更高，好材料能讓你學(xué)到更多東西，好方法則能讓你更快地得到提高。小編來(lái)帶大家看看如何提高托福聽(tīng)力能力。
托福聽(tīng)力提高方法詳細(xì)解析
一.聽(tīng)力方法：精聽(tīng)和泛聽(tīng)相結(jié)合
1.精聽(tīng)練習(xí)
精聽(tīng)的目的是系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)音、積累小詞習(xí)語(yǔ)、句型表達(dá)和背景,可采用下面兩種方式：
一是模仿法：精聽(tīng)一段文字，然后參考聽(tīng)力原文，跟讀模仿到語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)分毫不差，甚至錄下自己的發(fā)音和原音比較，逐段糾正語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)。精聽(tīng)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)法，又稱四遍法，第一遍聽(tīng)大義;第二遍利用復(fù)讀機(jī)盡量聽(tīng)寫(xiě)出每句話，但不要參考聽(tīng)力原文;第三遍和聽(tīng)力原文比對(duì)，找出聽(tīng)不懂的原因;第四遍翻譯或者背誦。
精聽(tīng)后務(wù)必趁熱打鐵，總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)音強(qiáng)調(diào)三點(diǎn)，一是建立單詞正確的“聽(tīng)覺(jué)形象”;二是熟悉連讀和失爆等變音現(xiàn)象，它們本質(zhì)上是人們講英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)速快時(shí)為了方便發(fā)音的自然結(jié)果，卻造成我們分辨詞語(yǔ)的困難;三是注意重讀和語(yǔ)調(diào)，它們傳遞著超出詞句本身含義的內(nèi)容。小詞習(xí)語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)小詞搭配，比如多如牛毛的含get的短語(yǔ)，如同漢字中越是簡(jiǎn)單的字越難寫(xiě)得漂亮一樣，小詞搭配經(jīng)常造成理解障礙。而句型表達(dá)和背景學(xué)習(xí)重在吃透聽(tīng)力原文，以閱讀促聽(tīng)力。
精聽(tīng)要求注意力高度集中，必須凈化練習(xí)環(huán)境，否則容易養(yǎng)成三心二意的習(xí)慣，但精聽(tīng)比精讀更容易疲勞，時(shí)間不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，各類英語(yǔ)考試的時(shí)間都在30分鐘左右，所以練習(xí)也以這個(gè)長(zhǎng)度為宜。
2.泛聽(tīng)練習(xí)
泛聽(tīng)目的有二：一是練習(xí)捕捉大意，讓理解單位從“詞匯”到“句子”再到“大意”;二是熟悉語(yǔ)速和語(yǔ)境，既真實(shí)英語(yǔ)的使用環(huán)境。切忌把泛聽(tīng)當(dāng)精聽(tīng)。戰(zhàn)勝“細(xì)節(jié)完美主義”的辦法是重大意而非細(xì)節(jié)，重內(nèi)容而非語(yǔ)言，重正在聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容而非聽(tīng)過(guò)的內(nèi)容?！叭浑x手，曲不離口”，泛聽(tīng)要形成“磨耳朵”的習(xí)慣，充分利用排隊(duì)、等車等邊角時(shí)間，泛聽(tīng)之后還要復(fù)述大意，檢測(cè)聽(tīng)力效果。
二、聽(tīng)力材料：精聽(tīng)和泛聽(tīng)用什么材料
難度得當(dāng)?shù)穆?tīng)力材料是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的第一步。難度可從語(yǔ)速、篇幅和內(nèi)容三方面考慮：所選材料聽(tīng)一遍能理解80%為宜，推薦正常語(yǔ)速(因?yàn)槁?tīng)力的最終目標(biāo)是聽(tīng)懂正常語(yǔ)速)，長(zhǎng)度五分鐘左右(常見(jiàn)考試短文聽(tīng)力理解的長(zhǎng)度)，內(nèi)容包括日常交際、英語(yǔ)美文、歌曲、新聞、電影等同學(xué)們喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的內(nèi)容。閱讀需要精讀和泛讀結(jié)合，聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)中精聽(tīng)和泛聽(tīng)同樣缺一不可，下面分別介紹精聽(tīng)和泛聽(tīng)材料。
1.精聽(tīng)材料
經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教材，可根據(jù)自身水平選擇。比如《英語(yǔ)900句》《走遍美國(guó)》《英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力入門(mén)》和《英語(yǔ)初級(jí)/中級(jí)/高級(jí)聽(tīng)力》以及新課標(biāo)教材同步配套聽(tīng)力材料。
2.泛聽(tīng)材料
英語(yǔ)有聲雜志：中學(xué)生時(shí)間有限，包羅萬(wàn)象的英語(yǔ)有聲雜志無(wú)疑滿足了同學(xué)們多方面的需求。
歌曲：慢歌發(fā)音清晰，單元音干凈利索，雙元音飽滿，尤其適合體會(huì)元音發(fā)音，比如鄉(xiāng)村歌手約翰丹佛膾炙人口的“country Road”;而快歌中“隨處可聽(tīng)”吞音、連讀等語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，適合體會(huì)語(yǔ)音變化，比如后街男孩的經(jīng)典曲目“As Long as You Love Me”。
新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)：聽(tīng)聽(tīng)英國(guó)美國(guó)的新聞?lì)l道，既練聽(tīng)力又知時(shí)事。
電影：因?yàn)殡娪?，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)再不缺少真實(shí)語(yǔ)境。電影會(huì)讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變的更有趣。
托福聽(tīng)力真題：多聽(tīng)托福聽(tīng)力題，可讓英語(yǔ)水平遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)凌駕于考試難度之上，這是攻克所有考試的萬(wàn)靈藥，對(duì)想要出國(guó)的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)更是一石二鳥(niǎo)。
三.選擇合適的聽(tīng)力工具
工欲善其事，必先利其器，找一款好的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練工具非常重要。目前電腦普及的情況下，推薦使用英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)軟件，大家可以去百度搜索對(duì)比下各種英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)軟件。
托福聽(tīng)力信息的速記方法
托福聽(tīng)力考試記筆記很重要，這種習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成有利于幫助考生抓住關(guān)鍵性的信息，而且記筆記不是什么都記，而是有選擇性地記筆記，比如在托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的可能是關(guān)鍵詞句一些內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞，因果關(guān)系詞，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等等。
沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練或者疏于練習(xí)的同學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)于該記什么無(wú)從下手，結(jié)果就是筆記做了，自己看不懂，或者筆記太過(guò)凌亂，毫無(wú)可利用性。
要知道托福聽(tīng)力該記什么怎么記，此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記心里的仍然是西方人的邏輯性?！翱偡帧北砻髁嗽诼?tīng)力的開(kāi)始段是表明說(shuō)話者立場(chǎng)和論點(diǎn)的，那么按照我們之前分析的，閱讀和聽(tīng)力必然是同主題，所以聽(tīng)力開(kāi)始時(shí)候大家不必忙著亂記一通，事實(shí)上，什么都不用寫(xiě)，鎮(zhèn)定情緒，聽(tīng)清說(shuō)話者的立場(chǎng)即可。
接著，和閱讀中相似，說(shuō)話者會(huì)從三個(gè)方面闡述支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，很多情況下，這三點(diǎn)和閱讀中的三點(diǎn)是剛好契合，一一對(duì)應(yīng)的。但聽(tīng)力三方面的分論據(jù)往往是從閱讀中無(wú)法推斷的，所以分論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)是需要同學(xué)進(jìn)行筆記的，應(yīng)當(dāng)記的是key words，切忌洋洋灑灑想記全一句話，最后自己也難以讀懂。
托福聽(tīng)力考試時(shí)并不是什么都要記錄的，也沒(méi)有那么多時(shí)間，所以可以利用一些簡(jiǎn)單符號(hào)來(lái)代替。比如三角表示時(shí)間，叉子表示地點(diǎn)，人名用首寫(xiě)字母等等，需要大家在自己練習(xí)的時(shí)候多多熟悉，才不會(huì)在考試中慌亂無(wú)措。
托福聽(tīng)力必備段子：噪音影響
生活段子：噪音影響
I'm grad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to generate a list of damaging noises.
托福聽(tīng)力必備段子：電影藝術(shù)
文科段子：電影藝術(shù)
To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.
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