托福閱讀文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)
托?？荚囈粋€(gè)很重要的方面就是考察學(xué)生的思維能力，即邏輯性，這點(diǎn)不但體現(xiàn)在獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中，閱讀也不外如是。而且很多時(shí)候，抓住了閱讀文章字里行間的邏輯，就可以輕松排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，快速地選出正確答案。怎樣才能抓住閱讀中的邏輯呢?今天和大家分享這三大招!
托福閱讀文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)
第一招 把握大基調(diào) 所謂把握大基調(diào)，說(shuō)白了，就是當(dāng)作者在討論一個(gè)東西的時(shí)候，要先明確褒貶喜惡，到底是在說(shuō)它的好處還是劣勢(shì)，這種基調(diào)尤其體現(xiàn)在對(duì)比之中。也就是以前語(yǔ)文老師常說(shuō)的，把握中心思想!
第二招 抓準(zhǔn)邏輯詞 抓準(zhǔn)邏輯詞非常關(guān)鍵，它代表了行文結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系，這方面在句子簡(jiǎn)化題和修辭目的題上尤為重要。因?yàn)檫@兩類(lèi)題型的邏輯性很強(qiáng)，而選項(xiàng)中也會(huì)有明顯的邏輯詞，當(dāng)抓住邏輯詞后，就可以根據(jù)邏輯詞輕松地排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，提高做題速度和準(zhǔn)確率。
第三招 理清文章脈絡(luò) 總結(jié)題以及段落修辭目的題考察對(duì)整段話(huà)或整篇文章的理解，這就要求分析整段話(huà)或全篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，這就要抓住各段落的topic sentence以及全篇的thesis statement。
綜上所述，抓準(zhǔn)托福閱讀中的邏輯的技巧就是把握大基調(diào)，抓準(zhǔn)邏輯詞，理清行文脈絡(luò)。掌握這些技巧，有助于理解文章，更加快速準(zhǔn)確地選出答案。你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?
托福閱讀高頻推理題解題技巧
托福閱讀考試題型中，推理題相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)難度是比較大的。很多同學(xué)都會(huì)在這類(lèi)題型上失分。今天我們就來(lái)講講這類(lèi)題題型的解題技巧，幫助大家更好地來(lái)備考這類(lèi)題目。
托福閱讀推理題介紹
推斷題就是所需要的信息都包含在文章中，但是沒(méi)有直接加以說(shuō)明，需要考生從已知中推出。推理題的題干中常出現(xiàn)infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等詞語(yǔ)。根據(jù)OG， 在IBT 閱讀的3篇文章中，每篇會(huì)有0-2道這類(lèi)問(wèn)題，一次考試總共有3-4道推理題。
托福閱讀推理題題型分類(lèi)：有共性推理題和無(wú)共性推理題
這里所謂的有共性推理題就是說(shuō)題干中有和原文內(nèi)容相同的關(guān)鍵詞(也叫線(xiàn)索)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進(jìn)行推理。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)的推理題都屬于這類(lèi)題目。對(duì)于無(wú)共性的推理題，也就是題干中無(wú)線(xiàn)索，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過(guò)排除法得出正確答案。返回原文找信息點(diǎn)，采用排除法是解決這兩類(lèi)題型解決的共同策略。
1、一般對(duì)比推理：根據(jù)兩個(gè)事情的對(duì)比特征，問(wèn)其中一個(gè)事物的特征，只要將與之形成對(duì)比的另外一個(gè)事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、時(shí)間對(duì)比推理：在這種推理中，一般有兩個(gè)形成對(duì)比的時(shí)間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問(wèn)一個(gè)時(shí)間段的特征時(shí)，只要將與之相反的時(shí)間段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理 ：一個(gè)大的集合的兩個(gè)方面形成對(duì)比，兩者之間存在著互補(bǔ)性關(guān)系，也就是一個(gè)的增加意味著另一個(gè)的減少。反之，相同。這個(gè)比較抽象，我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in thedomains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例都增加了。由此可知農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例下降，所以(B)為正確答案。
三、托福閱讀推理題解題注意要點(diǎn)
1.日期和數(shù)字
2.關(guān)鍵詞： 表示多少的副詞: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：may, can , could…;表示過(guò)去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。
總之，文中的關(guān)鍵詞，觀點(diǎn)，邏輯和平時(shí)的基本常識(shí)是解決這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。
新托福閱讀背景知識(shí)分享
托福閱讀也是中國(guó)考生，公認(rèn)的難度比較大的科目。如果大家能夠攻克閱讀難點(diǎn)，拿到閱讀部分的高分，對(duì)于我們整體托福分?jǐn)?shù)的提高，都有極大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此，下面為大家匯總了一些閱讀的背景知識(shí)，幫助大家做好復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容。
地球的旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間變短
We have been talking about some of the effects that the human beings had on the earth. One you may not be aware of is that we actually begin to change the length of the day. In the other way to say, one day is the amount of time the earth needs to spin completely around an axis, the imaginary line around the center of the earth, from the north to the south. And of course there are a lot of physical causes that can affect the speed of the earth’s rotation, but there was only one that is direct result of the human activity. Since 1950, human beings have built about ten thousand artificial reservoirs all over the world. These reservoirs have redistributed tremendous amount of the earth water. When they are used to be in the area near the equator, the imaginary line surround the middle of the earth, it’s now the reservoirs in the areas of different latitudes. The latitude matters because, well, thinking the earth and axis, the equator contains the areas on the earth that are the farthest away from axis. So water has been redistributed from the equator regions, then wherever the water is, to it’s close to the earth axis. It’s like when ice skaters perform spins when those skaters put their arms enclose to their bodies, they spin faster. So the earth is spinning faster because the reservoirs have redistributed the water close to its axis. And because the earth was spinning faster, since 1950 the length of day has decreased by about 8 millionths of second. I know that doesn’t sound like much but significant in that this is the first time that human beings ever had measurable affect on the earth’s motion.
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