托福閱讀時(shí)間不夠用如何應(yīng)對(duì)
托?？荚嚨臅r(shí)間比較緊張，這點(diǎn)在托福閱讀部分比較明顯。一篇文章看似有20分鐘的時(shí)間可用，但12到14題的題量還是會(huì)讓大家有不小的時(shí)間壓力。那么面對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間不夠用的問(wèn)題，考生應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?下面小編就為大家詳細(xì)講解托福閱讀時(shí)間安排方面的一些技巧心得，一起來(lái)看。
托福閱讀時(shí)間不夠用如何應(yīng)對(duì)?
托?？荚噷?duì)閱讀能力較高要求
首先需要明確的一點(diǎn)是，托?？荚囍袑?duì)于考生的閱讀能力有較高要求，而這種要求不僅體現(xiàn)在閱讀部分，考試中的其它部分也都需要運(yùn)用到大家的閱讀能力，因此，提升閱讀能力是解決托福閱讀時(shí)間問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，托?？荚嚥粌H有單獨(dú)的托福閱讀理解測(cè)試，而且在口語(yǔ)以及寫作方面的測(cè)試中也明顯的對(duì)閱讀能力提出了要求。按照ETS的官方說(shuō)明，托福閱讀中的文章都是科普文章，結(jié)構(gòu)特征和內(nèi)容特征是比較明顯的，所以大家可以從以下四個(gè)方面來(lái)提升托福閱讀的解題效率減少耗時(shí)。
1. 背熟詞匯才能更快看懂托福閱讀文章
想要做好托福閱讀，背托福單詞是最基礎(chǔ)的。這個(gè)就是需要學(xué)員自己完成任務(wù)。但是尤為重要的一點(diǎn)是，托?？荚囍?，對(duì)單詞的考查不僅僅是背過(guò)單詞含義就可以，更重要的是要學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用，學(xué)會(huì)在文章中理解使用單詞。
2. 掌握句式提升托福閱讀整體速度
同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同，英文中的句子多是長(zhǎng)句，有時(shí)候一個(gè)句子就是一段。而且英文的句子多是主從復(fù)合句，以中式的思維邏輯來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)很不習(xí)慣，不能適應(yīng)句子的2.語(yǔ)序。這就需要托?？忌谄綍r(shí)的訓(xùn)練中多讀多看，擴(kuò)大泛讀。
3.了解托福閱讀文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)加速理解
托福閱讀的文章大多都是學(xué)術(shù)性比較強(qiáng)的文章，而這類文章的特點(diǎn)之一就是大都具有明確的文章結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是文章的中心內(nèi)容和各個(gè)段落的大意，往往會(huì)在段落的段首第一句就直接給出，也就是說(shuō)，考生如果能夠熟練掌握學(xué)術(shù)類文章的大致結(jié)構(gòu)，就能很大幅度提升閱讀和理解文章的速度，對(duì)于解題中尋找各類核心內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)案例的題型也會(huì)有更高效的定位方法。
4.應(yīng)對(duì)特定題型學(xué)會(huì)高效解題技巧
除了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)固定外，托福閱讀題型中有很多題型都有比較高效的解決方法。比如出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主旨題和態(tài)度題等等，看似需要通讀全文才能解答，實(shí)際上都可以依靠快速閱讀或者直接尋找中心句主旨句和態(tài)度詞等便捷方法快速解決，掌握解題技巧后能夠?yàn)榇蠹夜?jié)省出很多時(shí)間。
托福閱讀提速還需學(xué)會(huì)邊讀邊做筆記
除了上述技巧外，托福閱讀考試過(guò)程中，學(xué)會(huì)快速記筆記也是有效地把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，記錄重要信息的手段。如果大家能夠養(yǎng)成邊讀邊記的習(xí)慣，會(huì)讓理解效率大大提高。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，同學(xué)們更應(yīng)該以托?？荚嚍槠鯔C(jī)，培養(yǎng)自己這種良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，從而在學(xué)習(xí)和研究中達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。
托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：真菌
托福閱讀文本：
Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms. Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugarlike polymer called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps,spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself. It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.
The destructive power of fungi is impressive. They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting. Some fungi can grow at +50°C, while others can grow at -5°C, so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them. On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.
托福閱讀題目：
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) differences between simple and complex fungi
(B) functions of chlorophyll in plants
(C) functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cells
(D) differences between fungi and plants
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach the study of
fungi?
(A) Fungi are no longer classified as plants
(B) Some single-cell organisms are no longer classified as fungi.
(C) New methods of species identification have been introduced
(D) Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.
3. The word "principal" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) true
(B) main
(C) logical
(D) obvious
4.According to the passage , how do fungi obtain carbohydrates?
(A) The absorb carbohydrates from their own cell walls.
(B) They synthesize chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.
(C) They produce carbohydrates by breaking down chitin.
(D) They acquire carbohydrates from other organic matter, both living and dead.
5. The passage mentions shrimps, spiders, and insects in line 9 because their skeletons
(A) can be destroyed by fungi
(B) have unusual chemical compositions
(C) contain a material found in the walls of fungal cells
(D) secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do
6. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) "chlorophyll" (line 5)
(B) "polymer" (line 8)
(C) "hyphae" (line 12)
(D) "enzymes" (line 14)
7. The word "those" in line 13 refers to
(A) tips
(B) hyphae
(C) enzymes
(D) walls
8. Fungi have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
(A) They grow hyphae.
(B) They secrete enzymes.
(C) They synthesize cellulose.
(D) They destroy crops.
9. The word "Entire" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) certain
(B) whole
(C) mature
(D) diseased
10. The passage describes the negative effects of fungi on all the following EXCEPT
(A) buildings
(B) animals
(C) food
(D) soil
11. The phrase "bring about" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) cause
(B) join
(C) take
(D) include
12. The passage mentions "penicillin" in line 25 as an example of
(A) a medicine derived from plants
(B) a beneficial use of fungi
(C) a product of the relationship between plants and fungi
(D) a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures.
托福閱讀答案：
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托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：電視
托福閱讀文本：
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.
In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech.Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events,called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
托福閱讀題目：
1. What is the main point of the passage ?
(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of television coverage.
(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.
(C) Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the introduction of television.
(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.
2. The word "disseminated" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) analyzed
(B) discussed
(C) spread
(D) stored
3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties
(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates
(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates
(C) attracted more members
(D) received more money
4. The word "accelerated" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) allowed
(B) increased
(C) required
(D) started
5. The author mentions the "stump speech" in line 7 as an example of
(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention
(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians
(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century
(D) a style of speech common to televised political events
6. The phrase "given way to" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) added interest to
(B) modified
(C) imitated
(D) been replaced by
7. The word "that" in line 12 refers to
(A) audience
(B) broadcast news
(C) politician
(D) advertisement
8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse
was more successful at
(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates
(B) placing political issues within a historical context
(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens
(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior
9. The author states that "politicians assert but do not argue" (line 18) in order to suggest that
politicians
(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims
(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past
(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters
(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens
10. The word "Reliance" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) abundance
(B) clarification
(C) dependence
(D) information
11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that
(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens
(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are
less attractive
(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not
(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better
informed
12.According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can
(A) create more time to discuss political issues
(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves
(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person
(D) engages in debates with their opponents
13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.
(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.
(C) Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.
(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.
托福閱讀答案：
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托福閱讀時(shí)間不夠用如何應(yīng)對(duì)
