Organization of Incoterms

　　Incoterms are grouped into four categories:

　　1. The “E” term (EXW) – The only term where the seller/exporter makes the goods available at his or her own premises7 to the buyer/importer.

　　2. The “F” terms (FCA, FAS, and FOB) – Terms where the seller/ exporter is responsible to deliver the goods to a carrier named by the buyer.

　　3. The “C” terms (CFR, CIF, CPT and CIP) – Terms where the seller/exporter/manufacturer is responsible for contracting and paying for carriage of the goods, but not responsible for additional costs or risk of loss or damages to the goods once they have been shipped. C terms evidence “shipment” (as opposed to “arrival”) contracts.

　　4. The “D” terms (DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP) – Terms whrer the seller/exporter/manufacturer is responsible for all costs and risks associated with bringing the goods to the place of destination. D terms evidence “arrival” contracts.

　　國際貿易術語解釋通則的結構

　　國際貿易術語解釋通則分為四大類型：

　　1. E組術語(EXW)— 唯一的賣方/出口商在其場所將貨物交付買方/進口商的術語。

　　2. F組術語(FCA、FAS、和 FOB)—賣方/出口商負責將貨物交付買方指定承運人的術語。

　　3. C組術語(CFR、CIF、CPT和 CIP)—賣方/出口商/制造商負責訂立運輸合同并支付運費，但不負責裝船后的額外費用、損失風險和貨物損壞。C組術語用于表明“裝運”(而不是“到達”)合同。

　　4. D組術語(DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU、和DDP)—賣方/出口商/制造商負責將貨物運抵目的地的所有費用和風險。C組術語用于表明“到達”合同。

　　Mode of transport

　　Not all Incoterms are appropriate for all modes of transport. Some terms were designed with sea vessels8 in mind while others were designed to be applicable to all modes. The following table set out which terms appropriate for each mode of transport.

　　運輸方式

　　不是所有的國際貿易屬于都適合所有的運輸方式。某些術語在設計時就是準備用于海輪運輸，而有些術語設計時是準備用于所有運輸方式。下表列出了每種運輸方式適用的貿易術語[略]。

　　Helpful Definitions

　　Pre-carriage – The initial transport of goods from the seller‘s premises to the mail port of shipment. Usually by truck, rail or on inland waterways.

　　前程運輸 — 從賣方地點到主裝運港的最初運輸。通常通過卡車、鐵路或內河水路進行運輸。

　　Main carriage – The primary transport of goods, generally for the longest part of the journey and generally from on country to another. Usually by sea vessel9 or by airplane, but can be by truck or rail as well.

　　主運輸 — 主要的貨物運輸，通常航程最長，而且通常是從一個國家到另一個國家。一般通過海輪或飛機進行運輸，也可以通過卡車或鐵路進行運輸。

　　On-carriage – Transport from the port of arrival in the country of destination to the buyer‘s premises. Usually by truck, rail or inland waterways.

　　轉運輸 — 從目的國的到達港到賣方地點的運輸。通常通過卡車、鐵路或內河水路進行運輸。

　　Notes on Incoterms