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雅思閱讀真題：rainwater harvesting

Reading Passage 1

Title：村莊儲(chǔ)存雨水的活動(dòng) Rainwater harvesting (舊)

Question types:Short Answer Questions 6

YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN 8

文章內(nèi)容：雨水回收系統(tǒng)。一個(gè)干旱地區(qū)，主要是描述一個(gè)村莊發(fā)展了一種儲(chǔ)水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行雨水的收集。

文章分析：

Rainwater harvesting

For two years southern Sri Lanka suffered a prolonged drought, described by locals as "the worst in 50 years". Some areas didn't see a successful crop for four or five consecutive seasons. Livestock died，water in wells dropped to dangerously low levels, children were increasingly malnourished and school attendance has fallen. Anestimated 1.6 million people were affected.

A Muthukandiya is a village in Moneragaladistrict, one of the drought-stricken areas in the "dry zone" of southern Sri Lanka (斯里蘭卡), where half the country's population of18 million lives. Rainfall in the area varies greatly from year to year, often bringing extreme dry spells in between monsoons (季風(fēng)).But this drought was much worse than usual. Despite some rain inNovember, only half of Moneragala's 1,400 tube wells were in workingorder by March. The drought devastated supplies of rice and freshwaterfish, the staple diet of inland villages. Many local industries closed downand villagers headed for the towns in search of work.

B The villagers of Muthukandiya arrived in the 1970s as part of agovernment resettlement scheme. Each family was given six acres of land,with no irrigation system. Because crop production, which relies entirelyon rainfall, is insufficient to support most families, the village economyrelies on men and women working as day-labourers in nearby sugar-caneplantations. Three wells have been dug to provide domestic water, butthese run dry for much of the year. Women and children may spendseveral hours each day walking up to three miles (five kilometres) to fetchwater for drinking, washing and cooking.

(部分文章節(jié)選)

雅思閱讀真題題目解析：rainwater harvesting

Q1-6: 簡(jiǎn)答題 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)

1. What is the major way for local people make barely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?

Crop production B段第三行

2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?

Sugar-cane plantations

3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?

Three wells

4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect of drought begin?

1998

5. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?

roofs of houses

6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?

Storage tanks

Q7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

7. NG

Most of the government's actions and other programs have somewhat failed.

8. YES

Masons were trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.

9. NO

The cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagers and the local government.

10. YES

Tanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.

11. NO

To send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.

12. NOT GIVEN

Households benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.

13. NOT GIVEN

Training two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.

14. NO

Other organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks built in Muthukandya.

雅思閱讀--自答自問(wèn)的游戲

雅思與其它標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試(如GRE)不同，它僅考查語(yǔ)言。這對(duì)于考試者意味著什么呢?這表明，雅思考試并不考查你的推理能力。

這一規(guī)律怎樣應(yīng)用呢?雖然有時(shí)你會(huì)被問(wèn)到出題者不會(huì)給你提供信息然后讓你基于這些信息得出結(jié)論。相反，他們給你提供信息并問(wèn)你這些信息。基本上，他們都是讓你重復(fù)剛剛給你的信息。答案就在你眼前......一篇文章的主題或?yàn)檫@篇文章選一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題，但絕大多數(shù)的問(wèn)題都會(huì)關(guān)注文章中給出的細(xì)節(jié)信息。你要做的僅是把他提供的信息再重復(fù)給他。你不會(huì)被要求基于這些信息得出結(jié)論。以下面的摘錄為例：

“Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.” Based upon this passage, you will never be asked a question like:“There has been a continued presence of “green consumers” in the British market because of …”

A. the rise of the Green party.

B. Concern with global warming

C. Fear of Mad Cow Disease

D. Concern with general state of environment

這些答案都沒(méi)有的文章中出現(xiàn)。所以，雅思考試絕不會(huì)問(wèn)這類問(wèn)題。相反，他們會(huì)問(wèn)這樣的問(wèn)題：

“Politicians may have “misjudged the public mood” because…”

A. they are pre-occupied with the recession and financial problems.

B. There is more widespread interest in the environmental agenda than they anticipated.

C. Consumer spending has increased significantly as a result of “green” pressure.

D. Shoppers are displeased with government policies on a range of issues.

正如文中所說(shuō)，政治家們認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者不再關(guān)心環(huán)境問(wèn)題是他們錯(cuò)誤判斷了民意。答案顯易見(jiàn)。這就是雅思考試的出題方法。正確答案是“B”。

對(duì)于此規(guī)律也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些例外，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些。但至少現(xiàn)在我們弄清了自己的任務(wù)。我們的任務(wù)并非掌握或記憶面前的信息，而是了解出題者讓我們尋找的信息是什么。因?yàn)槲覀冎揽梢哉业玫剿械拇鸢福旅嫖覀円莆盏木褪窃鯓訉ふ伊?。如果我們的閱讀的同時(shí)就知道要找什么，我們甚至可能在知道問(wèn)題是什么之前就找到答案。

雅思閱讀如何“臨時(shí)抱佛腳”

首先是時(shí)間掌控

正確的時(shí)間分配可以幫助考生在考場(chǎng)上最大限度的發(fā)揮自己的實(shí)際水平，提高整體正確率。合理的時(shí)間安排，原則上是20分鐘一篇。

但是考生都有自己熟悉的話題和有把握的題材。所以，在正式開(kāi)始做題之前，考生不妨可以通過(guò)標(biāo)題瀏覽等方式Skim三篇文章，按照自己的實(shí)際情況對(duì)于三篇文章的難易程度進(jìn)行定位，確定哪篇文章是自己把握性比較大的，對(duì)于這種比較有把握文章一定要保證時(shí)間充足，這樣有助于整體正確率的提升。但是每一篇文章原則上最多不超過(guò)25分鐘，否則考生是沒(méi)有辦法有效率的完成40道題目的。

在時(shí)間分配這一點(diǎn)上，要特別提醒那些基礎(chǔ)比較好的考生。因?yàn)榇祟惪忌尤菀住霸愿^”。雅思閱讀文章篇幅較長(zhǎng)，之后還有四十道題目需要完成，這就要求考生精讀和泛讀相結(jié)合。需要提別提出的是，文章中的信息有主次之分，那些與考題相關(guān)的信息才是考生需要精讀的內(nèi)容。而基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)往往為了保證正確率會(huì)采取全篇精讀的方式去完成題目，這樣的話就沒(méi)有辦法保證在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成所有題目。

最后需要在時(shí)間安排上提醒考生們注意的是，要留取填寫答題卡的時(shí)間。雅思考試第一場(chǎng)聽(tīng)力考試是有10分鐘的時(shí)間留給考生填寫答題卡的。但是在緊接著的第二場(chǎng)閱讀考試中，填寫答題卡的時(shí)間包含在一個(gè)小時(shí)考試時(shí)間里面。在此，雅思中國(guó)網(wǎng)海外考試研究中心的老師們建議考生，分篇填寫答案。完成一篇之后就把答案填寫在答題卡上，這樣可以避免最后完全來(lái)不及填寫答題卡的情況出現(xiàn)。

正確的做題順序

除去時(shí)間掌控之外，考生們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上還要注意的是考試的題型安排。正確的做題順序可以幫助考生更加有效的完成題目。

雅思學(xué)術(shù)類閱讀現(xiàn)在官網(wǎng)上分為十大題型：

Multiple Choice;Short-answer questions;Sentence Completion;Notes, Summary or Table/Flow-chart Completion;Labelling a Diagram;Headings;Locating Information;Identification of Writer’s Views/Claims or of Information in a Text;Classification;Matching。

這些題型絕大多數(shù)題目是細(xì)節(jié)型的題。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，建議考生按照從大意題到細(xì)節(jié)題的做題順序完成整篇試題。也就是說(shuō)，在考試過(guò)程中，如果考生遇到“Headings”這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大意題，當(dāng)然是需要最先完成的。而其他細(xì)節(jié)題在考生對(duì)于文章大意有所了解的前提下去完成會(huì)很容易定位。在此需要特別說(shuō)明的是最近很流行的細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題，一般建議考生安排在其他題目完成之后再去完成，這樣考生對(duì)于文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和各段的大意都有比較清晰的了解，在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上再去完成細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題會(huì)節(jié)約很多定位的時(shí)間，而且正確率也會(huì)有所提升。

良好的心理素質(zhì)

最后要提醒即將考試的“烤鴨”們的就是信心和情緒。良好的心理素質(zhì)是在考場(chǎng)上正常發(fā)揮水平的重要保證。

長(zhǎng)期辛苦的備考之后，考生們有理由相信自己會(huì)在考場(chǎng)上取得滿意的成績(jī)。適當(dāng)?shù)淖孕乓彩情喿x速度和解題正確率的保證。另外，有些考生如果碰到的文章是自己不熟悉的領(lǐng)域或不熟悉的題型就會(huì)大受“打擊”，影響做題情緒。這個(gè)是完全沒(méi)有必要的。要明白有時(shí)候文章當(dāng)中那些生詞往往根本不會(huì)影響考生做題，屬于我們上文所提及的次要信息。所以千萬(wàn)不要讓那些次要的內(nèi)容影響了做題目的情緒，否則就是得不償失了。

專家題的這三條建議也許不多，但卻能夠給即將上陣的“烤鴨”們一個(gè)很好的提醒和幫助，只要按照老師的建議走下去，再加上自己的努力，相信考生們會(huì)考出一鳴驚人的成績(jī)的。

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