關(guān)于寫(xiě)作中的he和she
幾十年來(lái)，盡管非性別歧視語(yǔ)還沒(méi)有達(dá)到非用不可的程度，但它畢竟已進(jìn)入日常生活當(dāng)中。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了關(guān)于寫(xiě)作中的he和she,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
關(guān)于寫(xiě)作中的he和she
隨便翻開(kāi)一張英美的報(bào)紙，或看一眼五花八門(mén)的宣傳廣告，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)supervisor(工頭，領(lǐng)班)替代了原來(lái)的foreman，sales rep，sales associate或seller(推銷員)取代了常用詞salesman，等等。那么在日常的英語(yǔ)公文寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中，我們又該如何避免產(chǎn)生性別歧視呢?牢記下面幾點(diǎn)，確保你不犯錯(cuò)哦!
1. 盡量不要用通性代詞he，除了明確地指代一個(gè)男性人物時(shí)，都要設(shè)法避免使用這個(gè)詞。可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境需要，選用下列替換方式：
1)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended.
給嬰兒洗澡時(shí)，一定要時(shí)刻在他們旁邊照管。
2)用we/us/our改寫(xiě)原句。
Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
各盡所能，按需分配。
3)改用第二人稱。
Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on an installment1 plan and raised an adolescent.
Revised: You don't know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
只有當(dāng)汽車沒(méi)油、分期付款購(gòu)物和撫養(yǎng)青春期的孩子時(shí)，人的本來(lái)品性才會(huì)顯露出來(lái)。
4)改用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils, chooses both.
當(dāng)面對(duì)兩種罪惡要做出選擇的時(shí)候就兩個(gè)都選。
5)完全省略代詞。
Sexist: What does a person thinks of after he becomes a deportee?
Revised: What does a person thinks of after becoming a deportee?
一個(gè)人被驅(qū)逐之后會(huì)作何感想呢?
6)用冠詞替代。
Sexist: Can a critic give his opinion of...?
Revised: Can a critic give an opinion of...?
評(píng)論家能評(píng)論...嗎?
7)用someone，one，the one，no one等替代。
Sexist: He who can take advice is sometimes superior to he who can give it.
Revised: Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it.
接受忠告者有時(shí)勝過(guò)發(fā)出忠告者。
8)使用he and she或his and her，但使用的次數(shù)不宜太多。she/he僅可用于備忘錄(memos)、便條(notes)，或者非正式的交談之中。
9)用名詞或上下文中用過(guò)的同義詞替換。
Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two.
Revised: To find a friend, one must close one eye - to keep one, two.
想找朋友，就得睜一只眼，閉一只眼;想留住朋友，就得雙眼都閉上。
2. 盡量使用那些包括兩性在內(nèi)的詞，即無(wú)性別之分的詞(gender-free words)。
例如：child，teacher，officer(警官)，people，worker，immigrant(移民)，voter(投票者，選民)，coach(教練)，church member(教友)，sales rep(推銷員)，grand parent(外/祖父或祖母)，leader，evening student，employee (雇員)，test taker (考生，應(yīng)試者)，engineer，customers(顧客)，dealer(交易者，商人)，clerk(職員，辦事員)，civilian(平民)，scientist，operator(接線員，辦事員)，patriot(愛(ài)國(guó)者)，person，planner(策劃者，計(jì)劃者)，politician(政客)，producer(生產(chǎn)者、制造者)，tutor(家庭教師，導(dǎo)師)，reporter，writer，chief executive(首席行政長(zhǎng)官)，everybody，expert等。
3. 寫(xiě)信時(shí)，如果不知道收信人的性別，最好不要使用傳統(tǒng)的Dear Sir和Dear Madam?？梢赃x用下列之一：
1) Dear Friends of the Library(親愛(ài)的圖書(shū)館的朋友們)
2)Dear Sir/Madam, (親愛(ài)的女士們及先生們)
3) Dear Personnel Officer(親愛(ài)的人事處長(zhǎng))
4)Dear Committee Member(親愛(ài)的委員)
5)Dear Citizen(親愛(ài)的公民)
6)Dear Customer(親愛(ài)的顧客)
7) Dear Councilor(親愛(ài)的參議員/顧問(wèn))
8)Dear Agent(親愛(ài)的代理)
9)Dear Director(親愛(ài)的廠長(zhǎng)/局長(zhǎng)/主任)
10) To Whom it May Concern(致有關(guān)人士)
擴(kuò)展：英語(yǔ)面試問(wèn)答若干
如果是跳槽，面試的時(shí)候通常都會(huì)被問(wèn)到為什么要離開(kāi)現(xiàn)在的工作。怎樣回答才能得體圓滿呢?看了下面的對(duì)話，你就會(huì)有啟示哦!
Q--Interviewer A--Interviewee
Q: Why do you want to leave your current job?
你為什么要離開(kāi)目前這份工作?
A: There is no room for the career growth and advancement1 I would like.
那里缺乏一個(gè)讓我在事業(yè)上成長(zhǎng)和晉升的空間。
Q: What kind of opportunities are you looking for?
你所尋找的是什么樣的機(jī)會(huì)?
A: I am looking for a company that recognizes and rewards hard work.
我希望找到能認(rèn)同并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辛勤工作的公司。
Q: What was your biggest accomplishment2 on the job?
你在工作上取得的最大成就是什么?
A: I think it was building team spirit among my co-workers.
我認(rèn)為是我在同事之間建立起了團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。
Q: How did you do that?
你是怎么做到的呢?
A: It was a gradual3 process, involving many factors.
那時(shí)一個(gè)漸進(jìn)過(guò)程，牽涉到很多因素。
Q: Why do you want to be a part of our organization?
你為什么想加入我們公司?
A: I think it will be a mutually beneficial relationship.
我的加入對(duì)雙方都有利。
Q: How so?
怎么說(shuō)?
A: I think your company and I have a lot to offer each other.
我認(rèn)為貴公司與我都有許多東西可以彼此提供。
Q: Why should we hire you?
我們?yōu)槭裁磻?yīng)該雇傭你呢?
A: Because I am a hard worker and will perform to the best of my ability.
因?yàn)槲夜ぷ骺炭?，而且?huì)竭力去做。
Q: Do you know what's involved in a job like this?
你知道這樣的工作需要付出什么嗎?
A: Yes. I know what's involved.
是的，我知道要付出什么。
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