考博英語語法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)
考博英語語法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)
2017年，考博英語語法的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)，我們來看看。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考博英語語法，供大家參閱!
考博英語語法：主謂一致
1. 整體及抽象概念作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。 How you got there doesn’t concern me. Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
2. 表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、容量、價(jià)值等概念作主語，謂語多用單數(shù)。 Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 3. 以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞
(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。
4. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+主語”，謂語跟主語保持一致。
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 5. 不定代詞
(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
Everyone knows that you’ve come here.
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情況例外) 6. 謂語同并列主語的第一部分保持一致
(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) He no less than John is interested in literature. 7. 謂語同最貼近的主語保持一致。
(or, either„or, neither„nor, not only„but also, not„but, partly„partly等)
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 8. each,every,many a, no „+主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
(2000) „Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded.
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some
考博英語語法：倒裝
(一)全部倒裝
1. “There (Here) +be+主語”
There stand big buildings in this district.
Here on the desk lies a pile of books.
2. 單個(gè)副詞(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短語動(dòng)詞不可拆，如it blew up.)
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
3. 介詞短語作狀語位于句首
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.
4. 表語位于句首
Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
Not far from here is a famous university.
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I.
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother.
6. 分詞短語位于句首(分詞+be +主語)
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.
(二)部分倒裝
1. 疑問句
2. 否定副詞(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容詞時(shí)例外)
Never did John speak rudely to his parents.
3. “only+狀語”位于句首(主句變?yōu)榈寡b)
Only when he comes back can be leave.
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首
5. not,no組成的詞組位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) By no means should you break the rules.
At no time should we give in to difficulties.
6. 虛擬倒裝(had, were, should放到句首)
7. “形容詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as/though(盡管,雖然)+be動(dòng)詞”
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
真題剖析
(2000) Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban 46 .
46. A. way B. life C. area D. people
考博英語語法：限定詞的用法
1. Both, each, either, neither (只指兩個(gè))
2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指兩個(gè)以上)
3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)或不可數(shù))
4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可數(shù))
eg. “Got any money?” “None at all.”
eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No, neither side is sunnier than the other.”
從句為考察重點(diǎn)
(1999) …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that 51 was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. …
51. A. which B. what C. it D. that
(1998) They learned to 51 their farming habits to the climate and soil. 52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 53 , they invited their neighbors, …
52. A. While B. When C. So D. If
(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 Japan apparently still
used some “primitive tools”, 46 a Japanese commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded.
46. A. though B. when C. while D. and that
omitting the subject
Rather formal use
讓步狀語從句以 although, though, while, or whilst 開頭時(shí)通常與主句共享主語, 從句謂語用分詞形式。
Whilst he liked cats, he never let them come into his house.
Whilst liking cats, he never let them come into his house.
Both the journalists, though greeted as heroes on their return from prison, not long afterwards quietly disappeared from their newspapers. 這四個(gè)詞還可用在名詞、形容詞或副詞詞組前，如： It was an unequal marriage, although a stable and long-lasting one.
Though not very attractive physically, she possessed a sense of humour.
WHILE
1. He stayed with me while Dad talked with Dr. Smith.
2. I often knit while watching TV.
3. While I have some sympathy for these fellows, I think they went too far. AND
1. often used to link clauses
I came here in 1922 and I have live here ever since.
2. When you are giving advice or a warning, you can use “and” to say what will happen if something is done.
Go by train and you’ll get there quicker.
Do as you’re told and you’ll be all right.
WHERE
1. She was standing exactly where you are standing now.
2.In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived.
3.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.
4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.
5.Now, where were we? Oh yes, we were talking about John.
6.Where others might have been satisfied, Dawson had higher ambitions. (difference) WHICH
(本身無意義，必須接在名詞或代詞后面)
1.定語從句引導(dǎo)詞 Did you see the letter which came today?
Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described.
2.分割句子，補(bǔ)充說明 The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase.
He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. She may have missed the train, in which case she won't arrive for another hour. THAT 多用于同位語從句和-thing的定語從句中。
WHAT
(有實(shí)際意義，可用于賓語從句和主語從句)
1. No one knows exactly what happened.
2.It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.
3.I could get you a job here if that's what you want.
4. What that kid needs is some love and affection.
5. What matters is the British people and British jobs.
AS
1.比較
His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as popular./ They want peace as much as we do.
2.作為，正如… We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive. David, as you know, has not been well lately.
3.看作，看待 The result of last week's election will be seen as a victory.
4.當(dāng)…時(shí)候= while or when
I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.
5.原因 As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.
6.讓步= though Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
The bag has narrow straps, so it may be worn over the shoulder or carried in the hand. I'd be in trouble if I let on. So I kept mum.
When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee.
I but given) the opportunity.
The opportunity was denied (to) me at school.
The prestige is denied (to) the classroom teacher.
The classroom teacher is denied the prestige.
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