英語語法填空技巧
英語語法填空技巧
做英語語法填空題,有沒有什么解題技巧?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語語法填空解題技巧,供大家參閱!
英語語法填空解題技巧
1. 通讀全文,把握大意。
既然是通過語篇在語境中考語法,那么,我們在解題前,應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文,把握全文大意,這一步非常重要。
2. 結(jié)合語境,試填空格。
讀懂短文之后,要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語言環(huán)境,從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性,再根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體來說,可按設(shè)題類型分為三類情況:
(1)純空格試題的解題技巧。
首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定填哪類詞。然后,再根據(jù)句子的意思,確定具體填什么詞;或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。確定填哪類詞有以下7個(gè)技巧:
技巧1:缺主語或賓語,一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。如:
[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)
解析:and連接前后兩個(gè)句子,and后面的句子缺主語,應(yīng)填名詞或代詞;結(jié)合前一分句,不難推知,“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是the message,替代the message用代詞it。
技巧2:名詞前面,若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞),很可能是填限定詞。如:[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年廣東高考)
解析:名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞,應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞;根據(jù)句意,這個(gè)急性子人當(dāng)然是急于使“他的”禾苗長得快,故填形容詞性物主代詞his。
[例3]„the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年廣東高考) 解析:因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞,應(yīng)填限定語;根據(jù)句意,是指將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上去修理,表示“一個(gè)”,用不定冠詞,故填a。
技巧3:句子不缺主語、表語、動詞后不缺賓語的情況下,名詞或代詞前面,一定是填介詞。
[例4]„ who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. (2007年廣東高考)
解析:因a guest在句中不作主語、表語、動詞的賓語,前面一定是填介詞,使其成為該介詞的賓語;又由句意可知,他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待,表示“當(dāng)作”,用介詞as。
技巧4:若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,可能是填連詞。
[例5]„two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
解析:因與Pablo Picasso (畢加索)與Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波爾蒂納里)這兩個(gè)名詞之間沒有連詞,一定是填連詞;兩者是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)填and。
[例6]„all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模) 解析:因melted me和gave me兩個(gè)動賓短語之間沒有連詞,一定是填連詞;兩者是并列關(guān)系,故填and。
技巧5:若兩句(一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。
[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年廣州一模)
解析:因I wanted to„是一個(gè)句子,I was to return„也是一個(gè)句子,這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填連詞;根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系,可知“參觀這個(gè)城市的盡可能多的地方”應(yīng)是在“返回廣州”之前,故填before。
[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy„ (2008年廣東高考)
解析:因He was very tired„是一個(gè)句子,he felt very happy„也是一個(gè)句子,這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填連詞;根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系,可知“干了一整天活累極了”與“感到非常高興”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。
技巧6:若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空格后的謂語動詞是原形,特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí),很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。
[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校聯(lián)考)
解析:句中What is acceptable in one country是主語從句,空格后的be considered是謂語;因其中的be是原形,故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞does(由語境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是第三人稱單數(shù));由句意及作者的語氣可知,需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞may。
[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.
解析:這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句,由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時(shí)可知,后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);可是,bring卻用的是原形,既與語境的時(shí)態(tài)不附,也與主語he不一致,該句不是倒裝句,因此,此處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動詞did;由句意和作者的語氣推測,應(yīng)當(dāng)填對謂語表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動詞did(的確)
英語語法填空解題方法
技巧1:由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。
(1)由it is„that„強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式,判斷填it還是that。如:
[例11] „and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年廣州一模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,應(yīng)填it。
(2)由倒裝句式判斷,是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等,還是填do, does, did等。如:
[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
解析:由can you expect to„可知,這是倒裝句,根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知,應(yīng)填副詞only,
因?yàn)?ldquo;only +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒裝。
(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格處是否填it。如:
[例13] „as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists„ (2008年佛山二模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型,本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語,空格處填形式主語it。
[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,to avoid„是真正的賓語,easy是賓補(bǔ),空格處應(yīng)填作形式賓語的it。
(4)so /such„that„句型。如:
[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (謀劃對付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是so„that„句型,應(yīng)填that。
(5)more„than„ (與其說„„不如說„„,比„„更„„)句型。如:
[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳寶安期末)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是more„than„句型,故填that。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報(bào)酬相比,雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。
(2) 給出了動詞的試題的解題技巧
首先,判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。
技巧2:若句中沒有別的謂語動詞,或者雖然已有謂語動詞,但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí),所給動詞就是謂語動詞;若是謂語動詞,就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。
[例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)
解析:因主語His fear of failure后沒有別的謂語動詞,需填的動詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞;因主語與keep是主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用主動語態(tài);由從句謂語動詞played可知,要用一般過去時(shí),故填kept。
[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年廣州一模)
解析:雖然句中已有謂語動詞declined,但由and walked可知,所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系,所以也用一般過去式closed。
[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)
解析:因主語three people與take是被動關(guān)系,即三個(gè)人被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院,故用被動語態(tài);由were treated可知,要用一般過去時(shí),故填were taken。
英語語法填空解題訣竅
技巧1:若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是并列謂語時(shí),所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用—ing形式、—ed形式,還是用不定式形式,確定的方法主要有:
(1)作主語或賓語,通常用—ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體的情況。如:
[例20] „but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)
解析:因it是形式主語,后面用不定式作真正的主語,故填to memorize。
[例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary„
解析:句中已有謂語won’t make,所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;謂語前面應(yīng)為主語,作主語,表示一般情況,要用動名詞短語,故填Speaking。
(2)作目的狀語或者在形容詞后的作狀語,一般用不定式。如:
[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
解析:因句中已有謂語will have to work,所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;因“(為了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目的,作目的狀語,用動詞不定式,故填To complete。
[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)
解析:因在形容詞likely后作狀語,要用動詞不定式,故填to succeed。
(3)作伴隨狀語,常用分詞,與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞。如:[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年東莞一模)
解析:句中已有謂語saw,所給動詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動詞;又因He與say是主動關(guān)系,故填saying作伴隨狀語。
[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests. 解析:句中已有謂語went,而follow又不是與之并列的,故為非謂語動詞;又因the headmaster與follow是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞followed作伴隨狀語。
(4)不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分,若判斷需要用分詞,與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系用—ing形式,是被動關(guān)系用—ed形式。如:
[例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年廣州二模)
解析:因a meeting與start是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,補(bǔ)充說明a meeting,故填starting。
[例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (廣東考試說明)
解析:因句中已有謂語can help,所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;又因lesson與learn是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞短語作定語,故填learned。
(3)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧
根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有:
技巧2:作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語,通常用形容詞形式。如:
[例28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
解析:因在系動詞felt后作表語,用形容詞,故填silent。
[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to„
解析:在冠詞與名詞之間,要用形容詞,作定語,故填dangerous。
[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject
解析:因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補(bǔ)足語,用形容詞;表示“感興趣”,填interested。
技巧3:作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語,用名詞形式。如:
[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
解析:在時(shí)間狀語從句中,要求填的詞作主語,China’s ancient scientific and technological是主語的定語;作主語要用名詞,又由are可知,主語是復(fù)數(shù),故填achievements。
[例32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模)
解析:在句中作及物動詞have made的賓語,要用名詞形式;表示“作貢獻(xiàn)”,其前面沒有不定冠詞時(shí),習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù),故填contributions。
[例33] „instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading„ (2008年三校聯(lián)考)
解析:因with是介詞,在介詞后作賓語,要用名詞,故填information。
技巧4:在形容詞性物主代詞后,或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后,用名詞形式。如:
[例34] „the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年廣州二模)
解析:在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞,故填similarities。
[例35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
解析:在冠詞后,要用名詞,故填operation。
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