英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解
學(xué)習(xí)也要語(yǔ)法,如果老師上課講解的不是很清楚,那么你私下里也要去問(wèn)一下老師。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解的相關(guān)知識(shí),供大家參閱!
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解:詞類
英語(yǔ)中主要有:名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連接詞、冠詞等。對(duì)于初學(xué)者,必須搞清。
1、名詞(包括代詞和數(shù)詞):在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和另一名詞的形容詞。
2、動(dòng)詞:見(jiàn)第二講
3、形容詞:可在句子中作表語(yǔ)阿、名詞的定語(yǔ)
注意: 以下-ly結(jié)尾的詞不是副詞,是形容詞: friendly (友好的) lovely(可愛(ài)的) deadly(致命的) costly(昂貴的) likely(可能的) lonely(孤獨(dú)的) alone (單獨(dú)的) lively(活潑的) ugly(丑陋的) kindly(和藹的) manly(男子氣的)等
4、副詞:主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞本身。
注意:除了in, up, down, on, inside, outside. 等只有一些表示方向和位置的副詞外,副詞不能作表語(yǔ)。
例如:Please help me water these flowers when I am out. (我不在時(shí)請(qǐng)幫我澆澆花。)
5、介詞:又稱前置詞,即放在名詞前面的"小詞".
注意:
1)介詞后面一定是個(gè)名詞(除習(xí)慣外),例如不能說(shuō):because of ill,而應(yīng)該為:because of illness;
2)介詞后面不能跟that從句,即只能跟名詞或帶-wh開頭的從句,這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的一條重要規(guī)則,如不能說(shuō):He did not come to the party because of he was ill. 但可以是:She got angry because of what he said. (她因他的話而生氣了。)
6、連接詞:用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上詞或句子的詞。
注意:英語(yǔ)中一般不能同時(shí)使用兩個(gè)連接詞,如不能說(shuō):Although he is very rich, but he is not happy. (只要將although 或but去掉一個(gè)即可)
關(guān)于連接詞的使用,詳見(jiàn)"第三講:句子的連接"一節(jié)。
7、冠詞:用來(lái)限定名詞的詞,分不定冠詞a (an) 和定冠詞 the, 英語(yǔ)中的冠詞使用十分復(fù)雜,簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō):
1) 不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a (an)
2) 第一次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用a (n)
3) 能用what, who, which回答的名詞用the,即3W原則
the teacher and the student / the patient and the doctor結(jié)構(gòu)中的the可以表示泛指
詞性不是一成不變的,是由其在句子中的位子和功能決定的。
如:She has gone home. (home為副詞)
Is she at home? (home 為名詞)
She looked at me patiently. (look為行為動(dòng)詞) She looked pale. (look為連系動(dòng)詞)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解:量詞的使用
由于英語(yǔ)中名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù),量詞的使用也有區(qū)別:
修飾可數(shù)名詞
(a) few / fewer / fewest
many / more / most
a great (good) many
many a
a number of
the number of
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞
a lot of / lots of
plenty of (time, money, people)
修飾不可數(shù)名詞
(a) little / less / least
much / more / most
a great (good) deal of
an amount of / amounts of
the amount of
量詞使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1) 分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞是前提;
2) 不要把量詞的形式搞混淆了:下面哪個(gè)表達(dá)形式是對(duì)的?
A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.
B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.
C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.
D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
以上六個(gè)表達(dá)方式中只有F 是對(duì)的。為什么?
A. a lot students → a lot of students
B. a few of the students → a few students
C. a great many of students → a great many students
D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of 表示數(shù)目,如:The number of the students in our class is 50.
A number of 表示"一些","不少",認(rèn)真對(duì)比一下,看出問(wèn)題來(lái)了嗎?
問(wèn)多少錢、多少重量時(shí)用:How much…?問(wèn)距離時(shí)用:How far is it from…to…?
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解:名詞的數(shù)
1、名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù):
與漢語(yǔ)不同,英語(yǔ)中名詞要區(qū)分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。
籠統(tǒng)地講,物質(zhì)名詞,如:water(水), iron(鐵), wood(木頭)等, 和抽象名詞,如:democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等為不可數(shù)。
不可數(shù)名詞前不能加a (an),后面不能加s (es),這是考試中對(duì)此類題目判斷的重要依據(jù)。
2、以下名詞為不可數(shù)名詞:
news(消息) information(信息)
furniture (家具) equipment(設(shè)備)
advice (勸告) weather(天氣)
work*(工作) clothing(衣服)
baggage(行李)
work作 "工作" 解釋時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,"找工作"不能說(shuō)to find a work, 應(yīng)為to find a job; work作"著作"、"作品"解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,如:Deng Xiaopin's works (鄧小平著作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件關(guān)于鄧小平的作品);作 "工廠" 解釋時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)同形:a steel works (一個(gè)鋼鐵廠) / two chemical works(兩家化工廠)
實(shí)例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A. haven't many furnitures
B. aren't many furnitures
C. hasn't much furniture
D. isn't enough furniture
解題思路:根據(jù)名詞數(shù)的概念A(yù)、B肯定錯(cuò),不必考慮;C、D的主要差異是"hasn't"與 "isn't", 句子中有there,說(shuō)明該句是there be句型,故正確答案為D.題中staff, office 等詞與解題無(wú)關(guān)。
注意辨別句子中斜體詞的數(shù)及其意義:
There is still much room for improvement. (仍有許多改進(jìn)的余地)
He has published two important papers on this subject. (他在這個(gè)課題上已發(fā)表了兩篇重要論文。)
3、以下名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形:
means(手段) headquarters(司令部)
works(工廠) species(物種)
aircraft(飛機(jī)) Chinese(中國(guó)人)
sheep(羊) fish(魚)
中國(guó)的計(jì)量單位:li(里), yuan(元), mu(畝)等
實(shí)例:
Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results. (每個(gè)方法都試過(guò)了,但結(jié)果不令人滿意。)
4、形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的學(xué)科名稱,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作單數(shù)看待;時(shí)間、距離、鈔票、重量等復(fù)數(shù),可以看作一個(gè)整體作單數(shù)處理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task. (要我完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)兩天是不夠的。)
看過(guò)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解的相關(guān)知識(shí)的人還看了: