學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(3)
學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
16. can/ could
(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的"能力"。例如:
Can you ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you?要幫忙嗎?Can you make a cake?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎?
(2) can用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的"懷疑""猜測(cè)"或不肯定。例如:
Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?
It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon,Tom,you've just had lunch.湯姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過(guò)午飯。
What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思?
在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示"允許",may比較正式。例如:
You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。
--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?--- Of course,you can.當(dāng)然可以。
You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
(3) could
could 是 can的過(guò)去式,表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問(wèn)句中)。例如:
The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。
Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。
At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。
could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如:
Could I speak to John,please?我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎?
Could you?在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如:Could you wait half an hour?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?Could you please ring
again at six?六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎?
(4) can的形式
只有現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài),有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(包括將來(lái)時(shí))須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。
例如:They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。
17. look for/ find
look for 意為“尋找”,而find意為“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作,并不注重“找”的結(jié)果,而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如:She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is looking for his watch,but he can’t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表,但沒(méi)能找到。
18. be sleeping/ be asleep
be sleeping 表示動(dòng)作,意思是“正在睡覺(jué)”;be asleep 表示狀態(tài),意思是“睡著了”。
如:---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么?---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。
The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。
19. often/ usually/sometimes
often 表示"經(jīng)常",sometimes表示"有時(shí)候",在表示發(fā)生頻率上
often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性,一般性的動(dòng)作或情況,常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面,其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞)的后面,有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,則放在句首。
We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí),我睡覺(jué)很早。
He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。
20. How much/ How many
how much常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格,常見(jiàn)句式是How much is / are…?
How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢(qián)?How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢(qián)?
how much后加不可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)量,意為“多少“,how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀?How many
students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人?
21. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for 表示"對(duì)……有好處",而be bad for表示"對(duì)……有害";be good to表示"對(duì)……友好",而be bad to表示"對(duì)……不好";be good at表示"擅長(zhǎng),在……方面做得好",而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。
如:Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。
Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。
Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。
Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà),但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。