worth和worthy的區(qū)別
worth與worthy是英語學(xué)習(xí)中常見的兩個(gè)詞,但其用法極易混淆.現(xiàn)筆者將其用法歸納如下,希望有助于同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)與運(yùn)用.
一、worth作“值得;值”解時(shí),是一個(gè)很常見,但又很特殊的敘述性形容詞,通常在句中作表語,并且其后面要求有一個(gè)賓語,其賓語可以是名詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式.
(一)Worth用作表語
1. 當(dāng)句子的主語是物質(zhì)名詞而不是it時(shí),worth后面要求有一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或名詞作賓語。
Sth. be worth doing / n.:
①The microcomputer is worth ten thousand dollars.這臺(tái)微型電腦值一萬美元。
②What is happening here today is worth notice. 今天在這里發(fā)生的事值得關(guān)注。
?、跿he above-mentioned decision is worth studying a little further. 上述決定值得進(jìn)一步研究。
2. 當(dāng)句子的主語是it而不是物質(zhì)名詞時(shí),可能有兩種情況:
A. it代表具體東西時(shí),如金錢、物質(zhì)等,其后接動(dòng)名詞,這時(shí),it既是主語,在意義上又是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語。例如:
?、買t is worth saving. 那是值得節(jié)約的。
②It is worth visiting again. 這里值得再一次參觀。
B.it不代表具體東西時(shí),worth后面一般應(yīng)加上while,后面接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。這時(shí),it為形式主語,真正的主語為動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。
接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式的區(qū)別是:while前面有所有格時(shí),一般接動(dòng)詞不定式;沒有所有格時(shí),一般接動(dòng)名詞。例如:
?、買t is worth our while to use waste materials. 廢物值得利用。
?、贗t is worth while pointing out that heating may bring about certain change in the structure of any material.
值得指出的是,加熱會(huì)使任何物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生某種變化。
(二)worth用作定語
1.worth不能單獨(dú)做前置定語,當(dāng)它與while構(gòu)成worthwhile時(shí)則可作前置定語。這時(shí),worthwhile
= worthy。例如:
?、賂his is a worthwhile book=This is a worthy book.
2. 用作后置定語。worth放在名詞后面作定語時(shí),后必須接一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞。例如:
①Tianjin is a city worth visiting. 天津是一個(gè)值得參觀的城市。
?、赥his is a question worth discussing. 這是一個(gè)值得討論的問題。
二、worthy
可以用作表語或定語:
(一)worthy作表語
1. worthy與of連用時(shí),構(gòu)成be worthy of,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。例如:
?、賂hat is worthy of note. 那件事值得注意。
②This phenomenon is worthy of being studied. 這種現(xiàn)象值得研究。
2. worthy可直接與動(dòng)詞不定式連用,動(dòng)詞不定式也要用被動(dòng)式:
?、賂his problem is worthy to be considered. 這個(gè)問題值得考慮。
②The film is worthy to be seen again. 這部電影值得再看一遍。
(二)worthy作定語
1. 作前置定語。例如:
?、賂his is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary.
這是一本有價(jià)值的英漢詞典。
2. 作后置定語時(shí),必須用“worthy of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
?、賂here is nothing worthy of mention. 沒有值得一提的事情。
?、赥his is behavior worthy of praise. 這是值得稱贊的行為。
Summary:
This is a worthwhile book. =This is a worthy book.= This book is worth reading.
= This book is worthy of being read.= This book is worthy to be read.
worth adj.
[用作表語, 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語]
值, 相等于...的價(jià)值 值得...的, 有...的價(jià)值的 擁有...價(jià)值的財(cái)產(chǎn)
What is it worth? (或How much is it worth?)這值多少錢?
It is worth £500. 它值五百鎊。
It's not worth the paper it's printed on. 它(文章等)的價(jià)值抵不上用來印它的紙張。
The rarer it is, the more it is worth. 物以稀為貴。
It's worth seeing [hearing, reading]值得一看[一聽, 一讀]
be worth notice [the trouble]值得注意[費(fèi)點(diǎn)事]
It is worth while visiting [to visit] the place.這地方值得參觀。
It is worth while to discuss [discussing] the problem.這個(gè)問題值得討論一下。
He is worth a million.他是百萬富翁。
a worthy cause正義的事業(yè) a worthy life有價(jià)值的生活
a worthy man高尚的人 a worthy opponent勁敵
a worthy gentleman可敬的先生 a man worthy of praise [to be praised]值得稱贊的人
acts worthy of punishment應(yīng)該受處分的行為
She says she helps only the worthy poor.
她說她只幫助那些值得她去幫助的窮人(不包括那些她認(rèn)為好吃懶做等不配取得幫助的人)。
They will prove worthy of the Party's trust. 他們不會(huì)辜負(fù)黨對(duì)他們的信任。
He is worthy to have a place in the team.他配成為該球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員。
This book is worthy of being read [to be read]. 這本書值得一讀。