補語和表語的區(qū)別
補語和表語的區(qū)別
在英語中，有很多語法知識。今天我們著重講下補語和表語的區(qū)別是什么?下面就跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編一起來看看吧。
補語和表語有什么區(qū)別
表語很好找，只要有系動詞，跟在系動詞后的就是表語，表示主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份，類屬。主語、系詞和表語構(gòu)成“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中系詞和表語合起來構(gòu)成謂語。充當表語的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動名詞，動詞不定式，形容詞，副詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，介詞短語或從句。
例：He is a teacher.(teacher名)
It is hers.(物主代詞hers)
Who is she?(人稱代詞Who)
Two times three is six.(基數(shù)詞six)
He was the first to get there.(序數(shù)詞 the first )
She is very kind.(形容詞very kind)
My father is out.(副詞out)
His job is to teach.(不定式to teach)
Talking is not doing.(動名詞doing)
His speech is surprising.(現(xiàn)在分詞surprising)
I am surprised at his speech .(過去分詞surprised)
Japan is in the east of Asia.(介詞短語in the east of Asia)
That is what I want to say.(從句what I want to say)
常見的系動詞有：
(表示身份，狀態(tài)的)be,(表示變化的)become,get,turn,grow,stay,
(表示感覺的)smell,taste,feel,sound,seem,look,appear
補語分為賓語補足語和主語補足語，用以補足主語或賓語的狀態(tài)、動作、位置等?？梢宰餮a語的有：名詞，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語。
常見的可以帶賓補的動詞及句型有
call sb/sth sth.
allow/ask/order/tell/teach sb to do sth
see/hear/make/have/watch sb do/doing sth
keep sb doing sth.
keep sth.+形容詞
find sb./sth. doing/介詞短語
例：We call her Lucy.(名詞 Lucy )
I allow him to have a look.(不定式 to have a look)
He kept me waiting half a day.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語waiting half a day) I saw him wounded.(過去分詞wounded)
It drove her mad.(形容詞 mad)
Let's show him out.(副詞out)
They found the boy in the well.(介詞短語in the well)
在被動語態(tài)句子中，原主動語態(tài)中的賓語變成了主語，相應(yīng)原來的賓補也就變成了主補。例如：
主動句：They found the boy in the well.(in the well為賓補) 被動句：The boy was found in the well.(in the well為主補)
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