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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 知識(shí)大全 > 知識(shí)百科 > 百科知識(shí) > 賓語(yǔ)從句用法詳解

賓語(yǔ)從句用法詳解

時(shí)間: 樹源981 分享

賓語(yǔ)從句用法詳解

  名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、 介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)被稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編就給大家?guī)碣e語(yǔ)從句的基本用法詳解,一起來看看吧。

  一、定義

  賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)部分是由另一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)。賓語(yǔ)從句需要用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)。學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句,必須過“三關(guān)”。即引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)、語(yǔ)序關(guān)、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)。

  二、引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)

  引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類,即:

  1)。That在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,也無實(shí)義,只是起到連接的作用。

  通常在say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后加that,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。連詞that在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。󰀀

  如:He said that he was a student.

  I thought that he was wrong.󰀀

  ☆注意:A) 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that ??梢允÷?但下列情況下不能省略。

  (1)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句,除第一個(gè)從句中的that以外,后面從句中的 that不能省略。

  如:I know (that) he is a good student and that he likes basketball.

  (2)、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不能省略。

  如: I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

  (3)、主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ),that不可省略。

  如:We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.

  B) 常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。

  如:He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.

  C) think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess等表示主觀看法或認(rèn)識(shí)的動(dòng)詞,.

  如:I don’t think he will come to my party.(而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.) I don’t believe that he is a good student, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好學(xué)生,不是嗎? I don’t think you are right.

  I don’t believe that they have finished their work.

  比較:she believes that I am not a good student.

  2)??梢曰Q。

  如:I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.

  注意:在以下情況中,只能用whether。

  A) 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether

  如:I can’t decide whether to stay.

  B) 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中,只能用whether。

  如:I want to know whether she is a student or not.

  C) 在介詞后,只能用whether。

  如:His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .

  3 A) 疑問代詞包括what,who, whom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever等.。 如: Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

  I don't know what they want.

  John told me which girl he liked most..

  I want to know whose father that old man is.

  I will give you whatever you want.

  You can meet whoever you want to see.

  You can choose whichever you like.

  B) 疑問副詞包括when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however等。

  如: Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

  He told me when we should go to the airport.

  I told him where he should go.

  I don't know why he is so angry.

  You can come whenever you are free.

  You can go wherever you like.

  4)另外:賓語(yǔ)從句可做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),及某些形容詞甚至是副詞的賓語(yǔ). 例如:

  1、He said that he was a student.(that從句是said的賓語(yǔ))

  2、賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ),常常有兩種情況:

  A) wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

  如:We are talking about where we should go.(疑問代詞where從句作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)) The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.(疑問代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)介詞with的賓語(yǔ))

  B)用that,whether引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

  如:except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后常??梢砸姷絫hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 We are talking about whether we should go camping.

  3、常常用來引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised。That常常可以省略。

  如:I am sure (that) I will pass the exam.

  Mary was pleased (that) she had passed the final exam.. (that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句是形容詞pleased的賓語(yǔ))

  4、I will find out where he has gone(where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作副詞out的賓語(yǔ)).

  三、語(yǔ)序關(guān)

  如:1、Tom said. +He is reading a book.

  → Tom said that he was reading a book.

  2、He asks me. +Are they playing a game?

  → He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.(賓語(yǔ)從句,陳述語(yǔ)序)

  3、Where is the hospital? He told me.

  → He told me Where the Hospital was.

  4、I don't know who he is

  四、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)

  賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

  賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制,既:

  1

  如: I think he is a clever boy.

  I think he has gone to Beijing.

  I think he bought the book yesterday.

  則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

  如:he said he was reading.

  He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow.

  He forgot whether he had locked the door.

  對(duì)比理解下列幾組句子:

  例:1)She says that she is a student.

  She said that she was a student.

  2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.

  She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

  3)She says that she has finished her homework already.

  She said that she had finished her homework already.

  4)She says that she can sing a song in English.

  She said that she could sing a song in English.

  3、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語(yǔ)等,不管主句是 什么時(shí)態(tài),從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

  例: He told me that Japan is an island country.(客觀事實(shí))

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