英語(yǔ)中什么是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。
典型習(xí)題

　　1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women players until 1919.

　　A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

　　析：根據(jù)題干，必須選表示被動(dòng)的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、D;因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意，不合題干之用，只有C選項(xiàng)(相當(dāng)于which was first played)才合用。

　　2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

　　A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

　　析：B、C是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在此不可用。D項(xiàng)to make或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)例：

　　The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車被大風(fēng)雪所阻，因而耽誤了。

　　3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theater this evening.

　　A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

　　析：根據(jù)this evening,應(yīng)選表示將來(lái)義的選項(xiàng)，C、D應(yīng)排除。Take后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，必然要用被動(dòng)式，故答案為A。

　　4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.

　　A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

　　析：根據(jù)be made to do sth.句式，可定答案為A。

　　5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.

　　A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

　　析：根據(jù)warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);又根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律，又可排除A，而定C。

　　6.——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?

　　A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

　　析：此題可根據(jù)why not后直接跟原形動(dòng)詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項(xiàng)改為try to go，則要根據(jù)其與try going意義之別來(lái)確定答案。依據(jù)題干對(duì)話內(nèi)容，乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣，所以答案仍為D。

　　7.______ a reply,he decided to write again.

　　A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received

　　析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位，B、D皆為錯(cuò)誤形式。A項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)先于decided的動(dòng)作，只有選C項(xiàng)才表沒收到信在先，決定再寫信在后，所以C為正確答案。

　　8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

　　A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented

　　析：consider表“考慮”意時(shí)，其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認(rèn)為”，這時(shí)consider后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。據(jù)此可排除B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意，不合題用，只有C表“發(fā)明了”意，才合題用，故選C。

　　9.Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.

　　A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

　　析：“被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)”，應(yīng)選表被動(dòng)意的選項(xiàng)，B不可用。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。又因短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作定語(yǔ)，C也應(yīng)排除，只有A.invited(=who were invited)才是正確答案。

　　10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.

　　A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied

　　析：B表主動(dòng)意，應(yīng)排除。C表“將要被捆綁”，A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意，只有D項(xiàng)填入空白才能表達(dá)“雙手被反綁著”這一意思，符合題干情景。再看一類似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了進(jìn)來(lái)。