在英語里什么是同位語
同位語,代表一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。
例句
?、庇蓛蓚€或兩個以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結構,其中前項與后項所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項是前項的同位語。
Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。
our new teacher是主詞Mr. Smith的同位語,指同一人。
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。
a friend of my brother's是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。
⒉如同位語與其同位成分關系緊密時不用逗點隔開;如同位語對其同位成分只作補充解釋時可用逗點隔開。
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人對我講,他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。
himself和John都是單一的字作同位語,與其同位成分之間不用逗點隔開。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.
昨天我與我的英語老師詹姆斯先生談過了。
同位語Mr. James補充解釋my English teacher,同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點隔開。
⒊同位語除表示其同位成分的全部意義外,還可以表示部分意義。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我們中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
他喜歡運動,特別是球類運動。
同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事實),belief (信 仰),news(消息),idea(主意;觀念),promise(承諾),information(信息),conclusion(結論),order(命令), suggestion(建議),problem(問題),thought (想法)等后面。例如:He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意:that 既可引導同位語從句又可引導定語從句,其區(qū)別在于:同位語從句由連接詞that引導,連接詞that本身無意義,在同位語從句中不充當任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他詞替代;定語從句由關系代詞that引導,關系代詞that在從句中充當一定的成分,作賓語時可省略,由when,why,where引導的 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別在于:同位語從句由連接副詞只起連接作用,沒有指代作用; 定語從句由關系副詞引導,關系副詞具有指代先行詞的作用,常用一個介詞加關系代詞替換。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (定語從句,when關系副詞) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定語從句,which/that為關系代詞) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (定語從句,where為關系副詞) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定語從句,which為關系代詞)