什么是否定句否定句的分類(2)
否定句的形式與用法
動(dòng)詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
1.形式上否定主句的謂語，實(shí)際上是否定從句的謂語
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主語是第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它們的否定式實(shí)際上是對(duì)賓語從句的否定。表示說話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如：
I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us.
我認(rèn)為它不會(huì)幫助我們。
I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right.
我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。
I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it.
我想他不喜歡它。
2. 形式上否定謂語動(dòng)詞，實(shí)際上否定復(fù)合賓語
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主語是第一人稱、謂語動(dòng)詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它們前面的否定式實(shí)際上是對(duì)復(fù)合賓語的否定。表示說話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如：
I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult.
我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不難。
I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting.
我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事沒有趣。
I expect so. —I don’t expect so.
我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。
注意：動(dòng)詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情況下，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移：
(1)這些動(dòng)詞跟其他另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞一起做并列謂語時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
I believe and hope he won’t do that.
我相信并且也希望他將不會(huì)那樣做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish.
我覺得并且也承認(rèn)我們并不愚蠢。
(2)用于疑問句時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
Do you think it is not going to rain?
你認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨嗎?
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing?
難道你不相信他做了一件好事?
(3)用作插入語時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.
我想李蕾不會(huì)生你的氣。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it.
我猜想湯姆不會(huì)反對(duì)。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film.
我認(rèn)為邁克沒有看這場(chǎng)電影。
(4)動(dòng)詞前有其他副詞修飾時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now.
我的確不認(rèn)為我們有必要去那兒。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing.
我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。
(5)動(dòng)詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語不是第一人稱時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.
我原以為他不會(huì)回來得這么快。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy.
她不相信它變成了一個(gè)好孩子。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job.
他認(rèn)為他不適合這件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true.
他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。
(6)當(dāng)賓語從句中含的否定為“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
I think that he doesn’t know it at all.
我想他對(duì)那一點(diǎn)也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well.
我認(rèn)為如果你想把這門語言學(xué)好，那么只記單詞是不夠的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games.
我相信當(dāng)你在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得第一名時(shí)你會(huì)情不自禁地唱起國歌來。
(7)當(dāng)賓語從句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定詞或半否詞時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
I believe that nothing can make me give it up.
我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea.
我認(rèn)為如果這艘船沉入海底的話，那么誰也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words.
我猜想他是一個(gè)言語不多的人。
謂語的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
有些句子形式上否定謂語動(dòng)詞，實(shí)際上是對(duì)句子后面狀語進(jìn)行否定。如：
Let’s not talk about it here.
我們別在這里談吧。
Don’t read in the sun.
不要在陽光下看書。
Don’t talk with your mouth full of food.
不要口里含著食物說話。
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